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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common neurodegenerative disorder?
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Alzheimer's
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What part of the brain degenerates in Alzheimer's?
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cerebral cortices
(limbic system, association cortices, basal forebrain) |
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What are the components of neuritic degeneration? (4)
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neuritic plaques (in cerebral cortex)
fibrillary tangles (in axons) neuropil thread formation reactive astrogliosis and microglial cells (inflammation) |
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What are the three (3) major risk factors in Alzheimer's?
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Apo E 4/4 genotype
Amyloid precursor protein mutations (increase in plaques) presinilin 1 and 2 mutations (early onset familial) |
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What is a protective factor in Alzheimer's?
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Apo E 3/3 genotype
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How can you definitively determine if a patient has Alzheimer's?
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senile plaques in cerebral cortices (determined at autopsy)
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What are the proteases involved in cleaving membrane-bound proteins? (3)
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alpha secretase
beta secretase gamma secretase |
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Which secretase is the primary target for drug therapy?
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beta secretase
(BACE inhibitors) |
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Which secretase cleaves amyloid precursor protein in a way that prevents beta amyloid peptides from being formed?
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alpha secretase
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Which secretases are involved in the amyloidogenic pathway?
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beta secretase (cleaves amyloid precursor protein)
gamma secretase (cleaves off toxic Abeta portion) |
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What is the primary cause for Alzheimer's?
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beta amyloid deposits
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What causes early onset familial Alzheimer's?
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presinilin 1 and 2 mutations
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What type of neurons are lost first in Alzheimer's?
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cholinergic neurons
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What is the first drug class used in treatment of Alzheimer's?
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cholinomimetics (cholinesterase inhibitors)
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What are the cholinesterase inhibitors? (4)
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tacrine
donepezil (Aricept) galantamine (Reminyl) rivastigmine (Exelon) |
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What other condition may be involved in Alzheimer's?
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inflammation
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What drug class might treat Apo E 4/4 genotype?
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statins
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