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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solutions |
A mixture of one or more substances entirely dissolved in water |
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Suspensions |
A liquid with small particles of a solid dispersed but not dissolved. The dispersal is maintained by stirring or shaking the mixture. |
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Aerosols |
A colloid or glue-like substance finely subdivided into liquid or solid particles (MDI/NEB) |
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Inhalants |
A gas or mixture of gases or water vapors intended to be inhaled |
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Ampules |
A small sales single-dose glass container of liquid injectable drug |
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Vials |
A small glass or plastic bottle containing one or more doses of a liquid injectable drug |
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Prefilled syringes |
A single-dose glass cartridge containing a liquid injectable drug. Syringe supplied already containing the drug ready for assembly and injection. |
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Vial of powder solute and vial of liquid solvent |
The liquid solvent vial is mixed with the powdered solute |
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Spray |
A jet of fine particles of liquid medicine are discharged from an atomizer or other device for direct application to a surface |
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Gel |
A colloid that is firm even though it contains a large amount of liquid |
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Local or systemic effects |
•Local effects results from the direct application of a drug to a tissue •Systemic effects occur after the drug is absorbed by any route and distributed by the blood stream |
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The effect of any drug typically varies depending on... |
•The patient •The dose •The route •The drugs metabolic rate |
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2 routes of drug administration |
Enteral routes - anywhere along the GI tract Paraenteral routes - any route other than the GI tract |
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Enteral routes |
•Oral route (PO) •Rectal (PR) •Orogastric/nasogastric (OG/NG) |
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Paraenteral routes |
•Intravenous (IV) •Intramuscular (IM) •Subcutaneous (SC) •Intraosseous (IO) •Nebulized •Intranasal •Sublingual (SL) •Buccal •Transdermal •Topical |
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Advantages and disadvantages of enteral routes |
Advantages : •Safe •Simple •Time released •Low potential of infection
Disadvantages: •Slow rate of onset •Cannot be given unconscious or nauseated •Absorbed dosage may vary significantly because of actions of digestive enzymes or condition of GI tract |
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Advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes |
Advantages: •Rapid onset •Can be given unconscious or nauseated •Absorbed dose and action more predictable Disadvantages: •Administration more painful and difficult •Side effects more severe •High potential for infection |
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Affinity |
The attraction between a medication combining with with specific medication receptor site |
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Efficacy |
The power of a medication to produce a therapeutic effect |
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Side effect |
Unintended response to a drug |
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Allergic reaction |
Hypersensitivity |
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Idiosyncracy |
Drug effect unique to an individual |
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Tolerance |
Decreased response to the same amount |
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Cross tolerance |
Tolerance for a drug that develops after administration of a different drug |
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Drug dependence |
Patient becomes accustomed to the drugs presence in his body |
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Responses to drug administration |
Drug interaction - the effects of one drug alter the response to another drug Drug antagonism - the effects of one drug block the response to another drug Cumulative effect - increased effectiveness when a drug is given in several doses |
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Factors affecting drug response |
•Age •Body mass •Sex •Environment •Time of administration •Pathology •Genetics •Psychology |
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Right documentation |
Always record the following: •Time of administration •Medication name (generic name) •Dosage •Route of administration •Site of administration •Response to medication administration •Signature and title e.g. 1435 epi 1:1000 0.3mg IM L deltoid KP ACP, no change in anaphylaxis symptoms |
