Pharm Test #3 A&p Review

Front 1

Sympathetic nerve tracts originate? Descend into?

Back 1

in the hypothalamus and brainstem (medulla), and descend in the spinal cord

Front 2

Sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers exit the?

Back 2

spinal cord in the (T1-T12) and lumbar (L1-L2) segments, called thoracolumbar output

Front 3

Where do most preganglionic nerves pass to?

Back 3

ganglia

Front 4

Where do these ganglia lie?

Back 4

either adjacent to the vertebral column (paravertebral ganglia; sympathetic chains) or in other areas such as the abdomen

Front 5

In the ganglia, sympathetic preganglionic nerves synape with?Neurotransmitter?

Back 5

sympathetic postganglionic nerves, acetylcholine

Front 6

Postganglionic sympathetic nerves leave the ganglia and travel to?

Back 6

various target tissues; sympathetic discharge acts to modify target cell function

Front 7

What is the exception to the general scheme?

Back 7

Some sympathetic preganglionic nerves directly innervate the adrenal medulla, release ACh from these preganglionic nerves causes adrenal medulla chromaffin cells, in turn, to release EPI and NE into the blood

Front 8

What is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic preganglionic nerve endings?

Back 8

ACh

Front 9

What are the receptors on sympathetic postganglionic nerves?

Back 9

nicotinic

Front 10

What is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings?

Back 10

NE

Front 11

What are the receptors called that bind NE?

Back 11

adrenergic

Front 12

Events at sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminal

Back 12

1. AP=depolarization
2. Ca diffuses in = NE-containing vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and empty NE into synaptic cleft
3. NE binds to adrenergic receptors on postsynaptic membrane, i.e the target cell membrane

Front 13

Where else does NE bind after being released into synaptic cleft?

Back 13

Binds to autoreceptors on the presynaptic nerve membrane

Front 14

Where does the NE go after its bound to postsynaptic membrane?

Back 14

80% taken back up into presynaptic cleft into vesicles, remaining is metabolized by MAO and must be replaced by new NE

Front 15

Circulating EPI and NE are metabolized by?

Back 15

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the blood and liver

Front 16

Which adrenergic receptors will you find on the postsynaptic cleft?

Back 16

ALL, alpha-1, 2, beta-1, 2

Front 17

Which adrenergic receptors will you find on the presynaptic membrane?

Back 17

alpha-2

Front 18

What does alpha-1 stimulation cause?

Back 18

1.arteriolar vasoconstriction = increased PVR, increases BP
2. venous constriction=increases venous return to heart, increase SV and CO to increase BP

Front 19

What does beta-1 stimulation cause?

Back 19

1. Increased HR = increased CO and BP
2. Myocardial contractility increases = increase SV and CO and increase BP

Front 20

What does beta-2 stimulation cause?

Back 20

Epinephrine effect - blood vessels of skeletal muscle dilate