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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
formation of a blood clot |
thrombosis |
|
the blot clot |
thrombus |
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thrombus that detaches from a blood vessels wall and travels through the blood stream |
embolus |
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complex process by which fibrin forms and blood clots |
hemostasis |
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When a blood vessel is injured, a series of events occurs to form a clot and stop the bleeding; this process is called _______ |
hemostasis |
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It involves a complex process called the ____ ___ |
coagulation cascade |
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When the thrombus detaches itself from the wall of the vessel and is carried along through the bloodstream, it becomes an _____ |
embolus |
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IF the embolus goes to the lung and obstructs a pulmonary vessel, it is called ____ ___ |
pulmonary embolism |
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____ drugs prevent the formation of clots |
anticoagulation |
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drugs that suppress platelet aggregation |
antiplatelet |
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drugs that help to eliminate the clot |
thrombolytics |
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Anticoagulants have no ___ effect on an existing thrombus and do not reverse any damage from the thrombus |
direct |
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The drug taken orally for anticoagulation is |
warfarin (Coumadin) |
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The drugs used parenterally are |
Heparin heparin sodium enoxaparin (Lovenox) |
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peak activity for warfarin is __-__ days after therapy is initiated |
1-3 |
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Anticoagulants prevent the formations of extension of a ___, maintain potency of intravenous catheters, ____ for cardiovascular conditions |
thrombus prophylaxis |
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The common adverse reactions for anticoagulants are mild to severe ___, bruising, and petechiae. Aslo rash and ____ |
bleeding hives |
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What are come drugs you would not want to give with an anticoagulant that would increase the risk for bleed? |
aspirin PCN, aminoglycosides, tetracylcines, cephalosporins Beta blockers Drugs for GI bleed |
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an overdose of coumadin can cause hemorrhage, headache, ____ and back pain |
bruising |
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uses for coumadin are |
clot formation for DVT PE A fib with embolism, TIA Coronary occlusion problems |
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_____ interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors and reduces prothrombin |
Warfarin (Coumadin) |
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WHen on Warfarin take __ and __ daily until stable and then every 4-6 weeks |
PT INR |
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____ interferes with warfarin (coumadin) |
vitamin K |
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high dietary amounts of vitamin K ___ effect and increase clot formation |
decrease |
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Too much warfarin, ETOH, ASA can ___ effects and increase the risk of bleeding |
increase |
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These foods have a High potential to interact with these foods/herbs and increase the risk for bleeding: |
Celery, garlic Chamomile Clove, ginger ginseng, ginkgo biloba feverfew, passion flower, red clover, Green Tea Dong quai |
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Heparin solutions inhibit the formation of ___ clots, inhibit conversion of ___ to fibrin, and inactivate clotting factor ___ and thrombin |
fibrin fibrinogen Xa |
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What are the heparins? |
heparin Heparin sodium flush lock (Hep-Lock) Enoxaparin (Low molecular wt heparins) |
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Heparin solutions are given in ____ |
units |
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The routes for heparins are |
IV SQ |
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___ and ____ are taken daily to adjust the dose as needed |
PTT aPTT |
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Heparin does not lyse or _____ up clots, it just delays their formation |
break |
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When giving heparin SQ angle the needle at __-__ angle and the needle size is __-___ gauge 3/8" to 1" |
45-90 degree 25-30 |
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The site used to administer heparin is the _____, upper arm, and upper thigh |
abdomen |
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No aspiration once needle is _____ |
inserted |
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No rubbing at the ___ after injection |
site |
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When monitoring PTT/aPTT for heparin therapy, the therapeutic range is __-___ times the normal |
1.5-2.5 |
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PT and INR while monitoring Coumadin therapy has a therapeautic range __-___ times the control value |
1.2-1.5 |
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If PT is greater than 2.5 times the control value, or INR is greater than 4, the person will have ___ tendencies |
bleeding |
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When reading the labs, the higher the number the slower the ___ |
clot |
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A nurse should monitor PT/INR until stable and with prescribed therapeutic range. ONgoing lab evaluations are every _-__ weeks |
4-6 |
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You will withhold the drug is PT is greater than __-___ times the control value or INR is over 3 or if there is evidence of bleeding |
1.2-1.5 |
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With heparin, ____ the dose according to daily aPTT monitoring |
adjust |
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___ is used for warfarin overdose |
vitamin K |
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Anitplatelet drugs ___ platelet aggregation |
prevent |
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some examples of antiplatelet drugs: |
plavix Xarelto Persantine |
|
These are given |
PO |
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adverse reactions of antiplatelet drugs |
heart palaptions Bleeding dizz and HA ND, constipation, dyspepsia |
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These drugs work by ____ the platelets ability to stick together in the blood, thus forming a clot |
decreasing |
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_____ drugs dissolves (lysis) all existing blood clots inside vessels |
thrombolytics |
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examples of thrombolytics are |
alteplase recombinant (Activase) streptokinase (Streptase) tenecteplase (TNKase) |
|
Thrombolytics are administered |
IV |