Penny- Fetal Heart And Chest

Front 1

What is an aneuploidy?

Back 1

Condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes

Front 2

Aortic atresia means?

Back 2

Abnormality in which there’s a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta.

Front 3

What’s the bat wing appearance?

Back 3

Fetal unilateral Pleural effusion

Front 4

What’s atrioventricular defect?

Back 4

Abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; AKA endocardial cushion defect.

Front 5

What is Bochdalek hernia?

Back 5

Herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because there is an Opening in the left posterolateral portion of diaphragm

Front 6

What is chordae tendineae?

Back 6

Tendons in the heart that attach to mitral valve to left ventricle and tricuspid valve to right ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

Front 7

What is chordae tendineae?

Back 7

Tendons in the heart that attach to mitral valve to left ventricle and tricuspid valve to right ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

Front 8

What’s coarctation of the aorta?

Back 8

Narrowing of the aortic arch

Front 9

What is CCAM?

Back 9

Mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest.

Front 10

What is CCAM?

Back 10

Mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue that develops within the fetal chest.

Front 11

What is diaphragmatic hernia?

Back 11

Herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm

Front 12

This is a genetic disorder that has an absent thymus or hypoplastic thymus, ultimately leads to impairment of the immune system and susceptibility to infection, cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, palate defect, hormonal abnormalities.

Back 12

DiGeorge syndrome

Front 13

What are the fetal shunts?

Back 13

3; Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale

Front 14

What are the fetal shunts?

Back 14

3; Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale

Front 15

What is Ebstein anomaly?

Back 15

Malposition of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects.

Front 16

What are the fetal shunts?

Back 16

3; Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale

Front 17

What is Ebstein anomaly?

Back 17

Malposition of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects.

Front 18

What is ectopic cordis?

Back 18

Condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest.

Front 19

What’s another name for atrioventricular defect?

Back 19

Endocardial cushion defect

Front 20

What is eventration of the diaphragm?

Back 20

Lack of the muscle in the dome of the diaphragm.

Front 21

What is foramen of Moragni?

Back 21

An opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm

Front 22

Systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs.

Back 22

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 23

Systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs.

Back 23

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 24

Ventricular septal defect means?

Back 24

Opening within the septum that separates the right ventricle and left ventricle

Front 25

Systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs.

Back 25

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 26

Ventricular septal defect means?

Back 26

Opening within the septum that separates the right ventricle and left ventricle

Front 27

What’s hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Back 27

Small or absent left ventricle due to (incomplete development)

Front 28

Systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs.

Back 28

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 29

Ventricular septal defect means?

Back 29

Opening within the septum that separates the right ventricle and left ventricle

Front 30

What’s hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Back 30

Small or absent left ventricle due to (incomplete development)

Front 31

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome means?

Back 31

Small or absent right ventricle due to incomplete development

Front 32

What is lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio?

Back 32

A test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity.

Front 33

What are papillary muscle?

Back 33

Paired muscles in both sides of the heart that hold in place either mitral or tricuspid valves.

Front 34

What’s pentalogy of Cantrell?

Back 34

It’s group of disorders: omphalocele, ectopic cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, pericardial defects.

Front 35

Pleural effusion is?

Back 35

Abnormal fluid accumulation in pleural space.

Front 36

What is pulmonary sequestration?

Back 36

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply.

Front 37

What is pulmonary sequestration?

Back 37

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply.

Front 38

What’s pulmonary stenosis?

Back 38

Narrowing of pulmonary valve

Front 39

What is pulmonary sequestration?

Back 39

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply.

Front 40

What’s pulmonary stenosis?

Back 40

Narrowing of pulmonary valve

Front 41

What’s tetralogy of fallot?

Back 41

Group of abnormalities consisting of overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy.

Front 42

What is pulmonary sequestration?

Back 42

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply.

Front 43

What’s pulmonary stenosis?

Back 43

Narrowing of pulmonary valve

Front 44

What’s tetralogy of fallot?

Back 44

Group of abnormalities consisting of overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy.

Front 45

What’s transposition of greater vessels?

Back 45

The left ventricle is going to PA. Right ventricle to aorta.

Front 46

What’s tricuspid regurgitation?

Back 46

Leakage of the blood back through the tricuspid valve

Front 47

Monosomy X is called?

Back 47

Turner syndrome

Front 48

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is?

Back 48

Left atrium

Front 49

What chamber sends blood to flow through ductus arteriosus and into descending aorta?

Back 49

Right ventricle

Front 50

For the outflow tracts, normal positioning of the pulmonary artery is?

Back 50

Anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

Front 51

Right ventricle can send blood to?

Back 51

Through Ductus arteriosus and into descending aorta.

Front 52

Explain fetal circulation?

Back 52

Back (Definition)

Front 53

What is the most anterior positioned chamber of the heart?

What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

Back 53

Anterior- right ventricle

Posterior- left atrium (anterior to the spine)

Front 54

What is the leading cause of cardiac death in neonatal period.

When found in females, what should be suspected?

Back 54

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; suspect turners syndrome. Also connection to Trisomy 18.

Front 55

What is the leading cause of cardiac death in neonatal period.

When found in females, what should be suspected?

Back 55

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; suspect turners syndrome. Also connection to Trisomy 18.

Front 56

Sono finding in utero, aortic atresia. Aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta , no communication visualize between the left atrium and left ventricle. Absent or small left ventricle.

Back 56

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 57

What is the leading cause of cardiac death in neonatal period.

When found in females, what should be suspected?

Back 57

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; suspect turners syndrome. Also connection to Trisomy 18.

Front 58

Sono finding in utero, aortic atresia. Aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta , no communication visualize between the left atrium and left ventricle. Absent or small left ventricle.

Back 58

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 59

This finding is seen in four chamber view. Stenosis of tricuspid valve, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia, enlarged left Ventricle but small /absent right ventricle. Fetal Hydrops. Suspect?

Back 59

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Front 60

What is the leading cause of cardiac death in neonatal period.

When found in females, what should be suspected?

Back 60

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; suspect turners syndrome. Also connection to Trisomy 18.

Front 61

Sono finding in utero, aortic atresia. Aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta , no communication visualize between the left atrium and left ventricle. Absent or small left ventricle.

Back 61

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 62

This finding is seen in four chamber view. Stenosis of tricuspid valve, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia, enlarged left Ventricle but small /absent right ventricle. Fetal Hydrops. Suspect?

Back 62

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Front 63

What’s the most common form of cardiac defect?

Back 63

Ventricular septal defect

Front 64

What is the leading cause of cardiac death in neonatal period.

When found in females, what should be suspected?

Back 64

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; suspect turners syndrome. Also connection to Trisomy 18.

Front 65

Sono finding in utero, aortic atresia. Aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta , no communication visualize between the left atrium and left ventricle. Absent or small left ventricle.

Back 65

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 66

This finding is seen in four chamber view. Stenosis of tricuspid valve, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia, enlarged left Ventricle but small /absent right ventricle. Fetal Hydrops. Suspect?

Back 66

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Front 67

What’s the most common form of cardiac defect?

Back 67

Ventricular septal defect

Front 68

Ventricular septal defect can be isolated, but if not what is it associated with?

Back 68

Tetralogy of fallot

Front 69

AVSD are commonly associated with?

Back 69

Trisomy 18, trisomy 21, aneuploidy

Front 70

Atrioventricular defects are?

Back 70

Absence atrial and ventricular septum.

Front 71

What anomaly is associated with tricuspid regurgitation?

Back 71

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle), transposition of greater vessels, tetralogy of fallot, ASD, coarctation of the aorta.

Prognosis poor.

Front 72

For coarctation of the aorta, most common location is?

Back 72

Left subclavian artery and ductus arteriosis.

Front 73

Finding; right ventricular enlargement. Pulmonary artery enlargement. Narrowing of aortic arch.

Back 73

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 74

Finding: overriding aortic root, subaortic VSD, pulmonary stenosis, (right ventricular hypertrophy manifests after birth).

Back 74

Tetralogy of fallot

Front 75

Echogenic intracranial focus is associated with?

Back 75

Trisomy 21

Front 76

Most common fetal cardiac tumor?

Back 76

Rhabdomyoma

Front 77

This tumor is located in the myocardium of the heart and associated with tuberous sclerosis.

Back 77

Rhabdomyoma

Front 78

What is pentalogy of Cantrell?

Back 78

Combination of ectopic cordis and omphalocele.

Front 79

What is the most common lesion that occupies the chest, resulting pulmonary hypoplasia.

Common finding?

Back 79

Diaphragmatic hernia.

Oligohydramnios. Assoc with bilateral renal agenesis and abnormal facial features: potter syndrome.

Front 80

CCAM is?

Most are Unilateral or bilateral?

Back 80

Mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue. Mass is solid and cystic. However it can appear echogenic. Similar to pulmonary sequestration.

Unilateral

Front 81

What’s pulmonary sequestration?

Back 81

Aka bronchopulmonary sequestration.

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply.

Echogenic triangular shaped mass. (Left side of chest)can resolve like CAM however it can also leave to developing fetal Hydrops.

Front 82

Finding includes anechoic stomach bubble adjacent to the four chamber heart view. Malposition of the heart. Other abdominal organs, liver pancreas, spleen may be located along the chest.

Back 82

Diaphragmatic hernia

Front 83

All of the following are sonographic sign of Ebstein anomaly except:

A. Enlarged right atrium

B. Malpositioned tricuspid valve

C. Narrowing of aortic arch

D. Fetal Hydrops.

Back 83

C. Narrowing of aortic arch

Front 84

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except?

A. Omphalocele

B. gastroschisis

C. Cleft sternum

D. Diaphragmatic defect

Back 84

D. Diaphragmatic defect

Front 85

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?

Back 85

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome