Pathology Study Guide 12

Front 1

Endothelial Cell

Back 1

•Form the Endothelium, which is the internal lining of all blood vessels.

•They control diffusion of substances across and into adjacent tissues.

•They are in constant contact with blood and keep it in a smooth, unclotted state by preventing coagulation

Front 2

Lumen

Back 2

•The central hollow core of arteries and veins

•Formed from concentric layers of tissue

Front 3

Media

Back 3

•Surrounding the Endothelium and Basement membrane are layers of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells

Front 4

Adventitia

Back 4

•An outer layer of fibrous tissue that surroundes the Endothelium and Basement membrane.

Front 5

Apoprotein

Back 5

•Blood lipids circulate in blood attached to specialized plasma proteins.

Front 6

Lipoprotein

Back 6

•The combination of an apoprotein and a lipid.

Front 7

Atherosclerosis

Back 7

•Is a lifestyle disease related to smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, and a high-fat diet.

•Is characterized by chronic inflammation, scarring, and cholesterol deposits in large and medium size arteries.

Front 8

Arteriosclerosis

Back 8

•A disease of small blood vessels that occur mainly in patients with hypertension and diabetes;

Front 9

Homocysteine

Back 9

•A blood amino acid, that is toxic to Endothelial Cells.

Front 10

Hypertension

Back 10

•High blood pressure

Front 11

Red Stroke

Back 11

•Spontaneous bleeding directly into the substance of the brain and is usually caused by hypertension.

Front 12

Dissecting Hematoma

Back 12

•A longitudinal tearing within the wall of an artery.

Front 13

Vasculitis

Back 13

•A general term that applies to a group of uncommon diseases that feature inflammation of blood vessels, especially arteries.

Front 14

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Back 14

•A distinctive clinical syndrome featuring autoimmune vasculitis of small to medium-size vessels.

•A systemic Auto-immune vessel Inflammation, small-medium vessels, organs like the kidney, middle-age.

Front 15

Termporal Arteritis / Giant cell

Back 15

•Characterized by chronic inflammation of the temporal and cranial arteries, including the carotids and opthalmic arteries, Med-Large vessel, >70 y.o. female.

-Headache, tenderness, blindness, stroke

Front 16

Rayneud Phenomenon

Back 16

•Exaggeration of normal vasoconstriction and vasodilation reaction to cold or stress manifest by blanching and later cyanosis (fingers). Primarily Females

Front 17

Thrombophlebitis

Back 17

•The formation of venous Thrombi may be accompanied by inflammation of the vein.

Front 18

Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Back 18

A. Endothelial Injury

B. Lipids Accumulate

-Followed by Inflammation and macrophages

C. Influx of smooth muscle cells and macrophages

-Foam cells appear

D. Young Atheroma

E. Old Atheroma

-Fibrosis and Chronic Inflammation

Front 19

Vasculitis

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

(Bueger Disease)

Back 19

•Small vessels of hand & feet

•Common in young cigarette smokers

•Painful ulcers or gangrene of fingers or toes

Front 20

Benign Nephrosclerosis

Back 20

(Mild-Moderate HTN)

•Hyaline arteriolosclerosis:

°Thickened, "smudged" in kidney afferent arterioles

-Overall nephron shrinkage, scarring

Front 21

Malignant Nephrosclerosis

Back 21

(Severe; > 160/110)

•Necrotizing arteriolitis:

-Inflammatory death of kidney afferent arterioles

-Hyperplastic arteriolitis: Onionskin, thickening, layering of vascular wall

(Many micro-hemorrhages; "Flea-bitten" look.