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66 Cards in this Set
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substances that preserve the morphology of protozoa and prevent further development of certain helminth eggs and larvae |
FixativesTwo |
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2 concentration of formalin used |
5% and 10% |
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formalin concentration that ideally preserves protozoan cust |
5% |
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formalin concentration that preserves helminth eggs and larvae |
10% |
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3 advantage of the use of formalin |
it is easy to prepare, preserves specimen up to several years, it has a long shelf life |
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disadvantage of formalin |
it does not preserve parasite morphology adequately for permanent smears |
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OSHA formalin handling regulation for laboratory |
monitoring of vapor, use of protective clothing, a comprehensive written chemical hygiene plan |
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is a compromised of a plastic fober that acts as an adhesive for the stool specimen when preparaing slides for staining |
polyvinyl alcohol |
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This is combined with polyvinyl alchol. This contains zinc sulfate, copper sulfate or mercuric chloride as a base |
Schausinn solution |
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This is the parasites detected by using fixatives |
Tropozoites and cyst of the protozoa as well as most helminthic eggs |
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Two vial system |
Formalin vial and PVA vial |
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vial for the concentration technique |
formalin vial |
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vial for the stained slide |
PVa vial |
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used for preparing smears for staining with modifies acid fast stain to detect coccidian oocyts |
Sodium Acetate formalin |
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disadvantage of Sodium Acetate formalin |
adhesion property not good |
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ensure adhesion of the specimen to the slide |
Albumin |
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compound containing copper and zinc sulfate |
Polyvinyl Alcohol |
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do not provide the same quality of preservation for adequate protozoan morphology on permanent stained slide as the mercury based fixatoves |
polyvinyl alcohol |
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This provide better result than copper sulfate reagent |
Zinc sulfate |
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free from formalin and mercury and can be used for concentration technique and oermanent atained smears |
Single-vial fixatives |
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This is the analytical phase of laboratory testing |
processing |
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Parasite present in soft or liquid stools |
protozoan trophozoites |
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Parasite found in fully formed stool |
Protozoan cyst |
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parasite found in liquid or formed stool |
Helminth eggs and larvae |
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Range of stool color |
black to green to clay |
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color of normal stool |
brown |
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stool color that suggest that a person is on a particular medication |
purple, red or blue |
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Gross abnormalities found in stool |
adult worm, proglottids, pus and mucus |
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suggest the presence of amebic ulceration in the large intestine |
blood and/or mucus in loose or liquid stool |
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Usually associated with irritation and bleeding |
Bright red blood on stool |
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3 distinct procedures for microscopic examination of ova and parasite |
direct wet preparation, concentrated technique leading to concentrated wet preparation and permanently stained smear |
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The most important piece of equipment in the parasitology laboratory |
microscope |
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a specially designed ocular piece with a measuring scale |
Ocular micrometer |
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unit for measurement in diagnostic stages of parasites microscopically |
micron |
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is the disk inserted to the eyepiece of the microscope |
ocular micrometer |
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is performed with the use of stage micrometer containing a calibrated scale divided into 0.01 mm |
calibration |
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a slide made by mixing a small portion of unfixed stoolwith saline or iodine and subsequent examinationof result micture in microscope |
direct wet preparation or direct wet mount |
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Direct wet preparation or direct wet mount |
detect the presence of motile protozoan trophozoites |
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provide the ability to detect small number of parasites that might not be detected using direct wet preparation |
concentration technique |
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aggregate parasites present into a small volume of sample and to remove as much debris as possible |
concentration technique |
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Two type of concentration method |
sedimentation and floatation |
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most widely used sedimentation technique |
formalyn ethyl acetate sedimentation technique |
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parasite sink and feces float |
formaly ethyl acetate sedimentation |
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parasite float and feces sink |
zinc sulfate flotation technique |
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defined as a microscope slide that contains a fixed sample that has been allowed to dry and subseuently stained |
permanent stained smear |
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if a permanent stained smear is not performed this parasite will likely be missed |
Dientamoeba fragillis |
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Helminths are best detected on this technique |
comcentration technique |
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2 common used stain for O and P |
trichrome and hematoxylin |
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most widely used permanent stain |
Wheatly trichrome |
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reveals excellent morphology of intestinal protozoa |
iron hematoxylin |
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do not detect oocyst of the coccidian parasite or spores of microsporidia |
specialized stain |
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Simpler method for collecting duodenal material without requiring intubation |
enteritest |
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specimen of choice for the detection of Enterobius vermicularis |
cellophane tape prep |
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most common type of specimen for parasite evaluation |
fecal specimen |
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Blood tube for parasitology |
EDTa |
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contains fixative and stain in one solution |
Wrights stain |
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separate fixative and stain |
Giemsa stain |
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designed to concentrate blood specimen suspected of containing low number of microfilariae |
Knott technique |
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a layer of WBC between plasma and RBC as the result of centrifugation |
buffy coat |
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inoculated the addition of single drop of blood or tissue |
Novy-MacNeal- Nicolle |
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typically collected and tested from patients suspected of being infected of the lung fluke Paragonimus stercoralis |
sputum |
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specimen of choice dor the detection of Schistomas Haematobium eggs |
Urine |
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sample of choice for the detection of E. gingivalisband Trichonomas tenax |
mouth scraping |
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is the technique used for the diagnosis of Chagas disease |
Xenodiagnosis |
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usually considered as an adjunct or supplement to standard lab protocol |
Immunologic testing |
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only commercial molecular twst available for detecrion of T. vaginalis |
Nucleic acid test |