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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What principal states that it is best to only report to one person in the workplace?
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Unity of Command
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What principal states that everyone in a team should report to the person above them?
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Chain of Command
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Who's principals of management from the modern era are still in use today?
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Henry Fayol
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What four major components make up organizational psychology?
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1. Social Psychology
2. Psychology 3. Anthropology 4. Political Science |
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An interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding of people and their behavior at work.
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Organizational Psychology
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Which 4 major eras were involved in forming the foundation for organization in the workplace?
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1. Pre-scientific Era
2. Classical Era 3. Behavioral Era 4. Modern Era |
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Who stated that their is "one best way to do every job"?
How would this person suggest the best way to do each job? |
Fred Taylor
Narrow Tasks |
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The industrial revolution took place towards the end of which era?
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Pre-scientific era into the classical era
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Which era involved the first of Henry Fayols theories of management?
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Classical Era
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Human relations became the center of focus for which major era?
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Behavioral Era
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________ involved the lighting conditions in the workplace and was conducted by ______.
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The Hawthorne Studies
Elton Mayo |
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What is the best way to term, when someones behavior is going beyond what is expected?
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Citizenship Behavior
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Citizenship behavior could be classified under what type of overall behavior?
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Helping behavior
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_______ variables can be used to influence someone in the workplace to demonstrate helping behaviors.
Example: |
Contingency variables
Money |
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Who came up with theory X and theory Y? What era?
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Douglas McGregor
Modern Era (1961) |
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This theory suggests that people do not like to work independently or at all for that matter.
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Theory X
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This theory suggests people are responsible by nature, and enjoy working and independence.
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Theory Y
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Does a human usually reside on the X or Y side of the theory X / Y continuum.
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Different people = different spots.
More towards Y... |
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This generalized term refers to the current era of organizational strategies.
Computers, machines, teamwork |
Post-modern Era
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Who came up with the "Unity of Command"?
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Henry Fayol
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This term refers to the graphical depiction of organization among a team.
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Organizational Chart
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Term that emphasizes the idea that you should never go around a supervisor but instead, report to them first.
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Chain of Command
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Term indicating the number of people reporting to a manager directly.
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Span of control
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Management and non management and the specialization of jobs into tasks make up what?
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Division of labor
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A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. - C. Barnard
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Organization
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_____ justice means there are policies for everyone in a team.
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Procedural
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_____ justice involves whether or not all people are treated equally.
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Distributive
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Socialization involves which three behaviors?
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1. Anticipatory
2. Encounter 3. Change / Acquisition |
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This behavior demonstrates the building of a schema based on images.
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Anticipatory
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This behavior involves hands on experience.
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Encounter
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This behavior is when adjustments are made to learn the norms or roles of the environment.
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Change / Acquisition
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Overall term for the values norms and required behaviors to participate successfully which usually improves satisfaction.
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Socialization
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What is a good tool to form a foundation for mutual expectations in a team?
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Psychological contract
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A good way to see if potential team members will truly want to become a member.
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Realistic Job Previews
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When you first start a job and have no idea what to do you use _____ modeling to mimic someone doing it the right way.
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Behavior modeling
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An attempt to explain how social expectations influence behavior.
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Role theory
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Set of behaviors we expect for people in a certain position.
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Expectations
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Doing or being required to do too much to succeed.
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Role overload
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Confused as to whether or not something fits a role.
(Enron shred) |
Role conflict
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Not understanding a role.
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Role ambiguity
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Attitude opinion feeling or action shared by two or more people.
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Formalization
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Formalization expands by what four events?
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Explicit statements, Critical events, Primacy, Carry over events.
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Pulling together after a disaster is an example of which event?
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Critical event
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First encounter event.
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Primacy
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A < B < V
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Attitude < Belief < Value
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These are formed in the first two years of life.
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Values
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In order to form attitudes and beliefs, perceptions such as the environment, drugs, education, media, religion, experiences, friends, heredity, culture are used to do what?
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Sense making
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Mental process that allows us to interpret and understand surroundings.
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Perception
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In 1976, A. Bandora came up with what theory?
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Social cognition theory
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What did social cognition theory mean?
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Everyone is affected by other people and the environment.
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The "Total You"
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Self concept
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Feelings or values about oneself.
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Self esteem
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Belief in oneself s ability to perform a task.
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Self-efficacy
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Statue in which the creator fell in love with.
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Pygmalion
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Believe in someone so much that they succeed more than they thought.
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Pygmalion effect
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The more you bring someone down, the worse they become.
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Galatea effect
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This drops when people are told they won't succeed constantly.
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Self esteem
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Predetermined image of what something will be like.
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Schema
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Generalization about a large group of people, usually in a negative way.
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Stereotype
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Steps in forming a stereotype.
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1. Category
2. Inference of traits 3. Form expectations 4. Reinforce stereotype |
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Considering business models:
As supply increases what happens to demand? |
Decreases
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Scientific Method consists of what 4 major steps?
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1. Form Hypothesis
2. Collect data 3. Analyze data 4. Conclude |
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Job specialization such as narrow tasks may increase ______ but decrease ______. (in most cases)
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Productivity
Job satisfaction |
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To prevent a decrease in productivity due to lack of job satisfaction, what factors may motivate workers to work hard?
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Contingency variables such as money, retention, fear of losing a job, and other incentives.
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$, Benefits, working conditions, options, flexibility, fairness, and loyalty are considered to be.
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Retention
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Optimistic, confident, cynical, hostile, hopeful, lazy are all:
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Attitudes
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Duty, Religion, UFO's, Mythological things are all:
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Beliefs
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Honesty, trust, respect, Mary, friendship, reliability, life are all:
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Values
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A protester would be considered to have an ______ locus of control.
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External
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If you determine what happens to you, you would be considered to have an ____ locus of control.
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Internal
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Someone that sets goals for themselves would be using what s-term?
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Self-management
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Which two popular psychologists studied reinforcement theories and behavioral learning?
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B.F. Skinner
Pavlov |
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A --> B --> C
(operant conditioning) |
Antecendant Behavior Consequence
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How behavior is acquired and changed through the person-environment interaction.
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Behavioral Learning
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How we operate with our environment to reach a desired consequence.
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Operant Conditioning
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Working with the environment to control behavior of other people.
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Behavioral modification
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Behavior is most often altered in which type of environments?
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Structured environment
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What type of situation can repress certain behaviors?
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"Strong situations"
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What are the four types of reinforcement?
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1. Positive
2. Negative 3. Punishment 4. Extinction |
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_______ was involved in the ______ experiment which emphasized conforming to group pressure.
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Zimbardo
Asch experiment |
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_______ used which experiment to test the speed of role conformity.
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Zimbardo
Prison experiment |
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How did the guards act in Zimbardo's prison experiment.
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Mean, forceful, punishing
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How did the prisoners act in Zimbardo's experiment?
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Submissive
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To learn by actions is considered learning __________.
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Behaviorally
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To learn by seeing another do something is to learn _________.
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Cognitively
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How many types of personalities?
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16
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Personality typing was mastered by which two people?
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Myers and Briggs
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How many dimensions (d) are involved with personality typing? How many categories (c)?
d^c = 16 |
4 dimensions
2 categories |
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Type A personality is perceived to be overall _____.
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Frantic
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Type B personality is perceived to be overall _____.
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Calm
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Introverts focus there attention primarily on?
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Ideas
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Extroverts focus attention on what?
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Socialization
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I / E = ?
I / E process? |
Introvert / Extrovert
Focus our attention |
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S / N = ?
S / N process? |
Sensing / Intuition
Collect information |
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T / F = ?
T / F process? |
Thinking / Feeling
Process information |
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J / P = ?
J / P process? |
Judging / Perceiving
Orientation to outer world. |
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Someone who would ask for more information before acting on something would be considered?
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Sensing
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This type of person would rely on their gut feeling without collecting information.
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Intuitive
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A type of person that would plan a trip before going.
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Judging
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If this person was late for an important meeting and their dog was hungry, they would make it wait until they got home.
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Thinking
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A rational, unemotional, objective person would be what personality?
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Thinking
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This person would consider how their choices affected others.
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Feeling
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This person prefers order, control, and structure relative to the outer world.
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Judging
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This person is flexible and will adapt to events as they unfold.
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Perceiving
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"Do what you are" is a quote that relates to Myers and Briggs _____ _____.
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Personality typing
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This theory looks into the balance between inputs and outputs for a team member in an organization.
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Equity theory
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What are the types of inputs involved in equity theory?
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Productivity,
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What are considered the outputs of equity theory?
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Money, satisfaction, incentives,
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