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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
main function of lipids
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major storehouse of energy- released when bonds broken, reformed
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features of lipids
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not water soluble
storehouse of energy good insulator |
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types of lipids (3)
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1. fats/triglycerides
2. phospholipids (membranes) 3. steroids |
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saturated fat
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solid @ room temp (ex- animal fat)
single bonds in HC tail allow it to be densely packed *harder for body to break down |
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unsaturated fat
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liquid @ room temp (ex- vegetable oil)
kinks in tail due to double bonds, can't be packed together as tightly *easier for body to break down |
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"partially hydrogenated" vegetable oil
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adding H makes more saturated- harder/better texture
BUT...tougher for body to break down- sometimes H bonds @ places that doesn't happen in nature |
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selection for fat preference
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-ancestral humans varied in food prefs
-fat loving ppl survived, reproduced more -WE CARRY FATTY GENES |
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calories per gram of fat
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9 (energetically rich)
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calories per gram of carb/protein
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4
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why the fatty genes we carry are now a problem
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MISMATCH- famine is no longer a threat in industrialized countries
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main function of carbs
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fuel- easily accessible energy
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monosaccharide
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simple sugar
*fast energy, readily available |
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polysaccharide/starch
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many simple sugars linked together (in ring or linear form)
*slow, long release of energy |
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cellulose
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polysaccharide surrounding every plant cell
*we can't digest b/c we don't have the right enzyme to break simple sugar chain *teeth can only grind up to get some fat, protein, other carbs out |
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how polysaccharides are processes by humans
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#1 sugars broken apart from chain
#2 individual glucose molecules broken down |
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chemical structure affects...
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digestion, metabolism
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effects of caloric restriction (in rodents)
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-longer lifespan
-lower cancer rates -slower onset of age-related decline in physical capacity -REDUCED REPRO CAPACITY |
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primary function of proteins
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construction of physical structures
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how to make proteins
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-join together amino acids
different aa's fold differently...function differently *one messed up aa can cause protein to malfunction (improper folding) |
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protein= only organic molecule with
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nitrogen
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How can straight/curly hair be semi-permanently altered?
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break disulfide bridges between molecules
add chemical that makes diff disulfide bridges form **have to repeat this- new hair will follow the genes |