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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many layers in eyeballs?
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5
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lacrimal apparatus |
lacrimal glands, ducts, papilla/punctum, canaliculi, sac, and nasolacrimal duct
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what stimulates lacrimal fluid? |
parasympathetic impulses of CN VII
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5 layers of eyelid |
"1. outer skin layer
2. subQ layer 3. muscular layer (orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae superioris) 4. tarsofacial layer (tarsal glands and plate) 5. conjunctival layer (palpebral conjunctiva) " |
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which is larger and more mobile: upper or lower eyelid? |
upper eyelid
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upper eyelid contains the? |
levator palpebrae superioris, orbicularis oculi muscle
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how is the lacrimal gland split? |
superior (orbital) and inferior (palpebral) by the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
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describe the path of tears |
lacrimal lake -> lacrimal punctum -> lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> nasal cavity
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list the tear drainage |
"1. lacrimal gland
2. lacrimal ducts 3. superior & inferior fornix 4. lacrimal punctum of lacrimal papilla 5. lacrimal canaliculi 6. lacrimal sac 7. nasolacrimal duct 8. inferior nasal meatus of nasal cavity" |
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periorbita |
periosteum of the orbital bones
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fascial sheath |
bulba sheath, Tenon's capsule
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medial & lateral check ligaments |
expansions of the fascial sheath at the medial & lateral rectus muscles
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suspensory ligament |
blending of the check ligaments with the fascia of the inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles
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fascial sheath sheath is pierced by? |
tendons of the extraocular muscles
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name the 7 extraocular muscles |
levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
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all extraocular muscles are innervated by: |
oculomotor nerve (CN 3) except for superior oblique (CN 4) and lateral rectus (CN 6)
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2 muscles elevate the eyeball, on what axis does movement occur? |
superior rectus, inferior oblique. Horizontal axis.
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2 muscles depress the eyeball, on what axis does movement occur? |
inferior rectus, superior oblique. Horizontal axis.
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3 muscles abduct eyeball, on which axis? |
lateral rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique. Vertical axis.
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3 muscles adduct eyeball, on which axis? |
medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus. Vertical axis.
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2 muscles laterally rotate eyeball, on which axis? |
inferior oblique, inferior rectus. Anteroposterior axis
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2 muscles medially rotate eyeball, on which axis? |
superior oblique, superior rectus. Anteroposterior axis.
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name the orbital nerves |
"CN 2 (optic)
CN 3 (oculomotor) CN 4 (trochlear) CN V1 (trigeminal-ophthalmic division) CN 6 (abducens)" |
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what pierces the optic nerve? |
central artery of the retina
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optic nerve, fx components? |
SS
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CN 3 enters orbita via? |
superior orbital fissure
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oculomotor nerve, fx components? |
SE, SA
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nerves leaving the Edinger-Westphal nucleus have what fx components? |
VE-para/pre
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the nerves from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus course through what nerve? |
inferior division of CN 3
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the nerves that leave the Edinger-Westphal nucleus then go to what? |
ciliary ganglion
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what happens to these nerves after leaving the ciliary ganglion? |
become VE-para/post and then innervate ciliary body & sphincter (constrictor) pupillae muscles
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what nerves are in the superior division of CN 3? |
VE-sym/post
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these nerves go where? |
superior tarsal (Muller's) muscle
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trochlear nerve, fx components |
SE, SA
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trochlear nerve, which skull hole? |
superior orbital fissure
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trochlear nerves, innervates what muscle? |
superior oblique
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opthalmic nerve, V1, which skull hole? |
superior orbital fissure
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3 major branches of V1 |
frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary
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2 branches of frontal nerve |
supraorbital, trochlear
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opthalmic nerves, fx components |
SA
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the SA cell bodies for the opthalmic nerves are housed in the : |
trigeminal ganglion
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what fx components do nasociliary, long ciliary, post & ant ethmoidal, infratrochlear all have? |
SA
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long ciliary nerve, what fx component? |
SA, VE-sym/post
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what innervates the dilator pupillae muscle? |
long ciliary nerve
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abducent nerve, skull hole? |
superior orbital fissure
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abducent nerve, innervates which muscle? |
lateral rectus
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abducent nerve, fx components? |
SE, SA
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inside CN 3, fx components of ALL fibers? |
SE & SA go to 5/7 extraocular muscles. VE-para/post, VA fibers sphincter (constrictor) pupillae & ciliary body muscles
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ophthalmic artery branches off the? |
ICA
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opthalmic artery, which skull hole? |
optic canal
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name the 7 branches off the opthalmic artery |
central artery of the retina, lacrimal, long/short post ciliary, supraorbital, posterior & anterior ethmoidal, dorsal nasal, supratrochlear
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vein drainage? |
inferior opthalmic vein OR superior opthalmic vein.
inferior opthalmic vein -> superior opthalmic vein or pterygoid venous plexus. superior opthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus |
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what are the 3 tunics |
"fibrous (outer) layer
vascular (pigmented) layer or uvea inner (retinal) layer" |
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refractive media of the eye |
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
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3 layers of eyeball |
fibrous, vascular, inner (retinal)
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fibrous layer (2 componens) |
sclera, cornea
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vascular (pigmented) layer consists of? |
choroid, ciliary body, iris
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choroid made of? |
outer pigmented layer, inner highly vascularized layer which invests the posterior 5/6 of the eyeball
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ciliary body connects the? |
choroid, iris
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ciliary body - smooth innervated by? |
parasympathetic fibers
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retina - how many layers? |
2, outer pigmented, inner neural
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what forms cn 2? |
axons of the ganglion neurons
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fundus? |
posterior part of the eyeball
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optic disk |
circular area where the optic nerve and central retina vessels are found. No photoreceptors and is insensitive to light.
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macula lutea |
lateral to the blind spot
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fovea centralis |
small depression
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fovea is the most ? |
area of most acute vision
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what innervates the cornea? |
V1 fibers of the ciliary nerves
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what is responsible for light refraction? |
cornea
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is the lens transparent? |
yes
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aqueous humor made by? |
ciliary processes
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anterior chamber is where? |
anterior to the iris
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posterior chamber is where? |
posterior to the iris
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vitreous chamber is where? |
located posterior to the lens and is filled with watery, semi-gelatinous substance called the vitreous humor or body
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Muscles |
IN
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levator palpebrae superioris |
CN 3, superior tarsal is innervated by VE-sym/post fibers
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superior rectus |
CN 3 (superior division)
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inferior rectus |
CN 3 (inferior division)
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medial rectus |
CN 3 (inferior division)
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lateral rectus |
CN 6
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superior oblique |
CN 4
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inferior oblique |
CN 3 (inferior division)
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ciliary gangion, 3 roots: |
"1. motor root: para/pre from CN 3
2. sensory root: SA from the eyeball 3. sympathetic root: sym/post from the superior cervical ganglion via the carotid plexus" |
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short ciilary nerves? |
ganglion and enter eyeball carrying para/post
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what do short ciliary nerves innervate? |
"para/post to ciliary body, sphincter pupillae
SA (sensory from eyeball) sym/post (innervate blood vessels)" |
