Orbit

Front 1

Back 1

1. Sphenoid (lesser wing)
2. Frontal (orbital plate)

Front 2

Back 2

1. Ethmoid
2. Lacrimal
3. Maxilla (frontal process)

Front 3

Back 3

1. Zygomatic
2. Palatine
3. Maxilla

Front 4

Back 4

1. Sphenoid (greater wing)
2. Zygomatic

Front 5

Back 5

1. Superior orbital fissure
2. Inferior orbital fissure
3. Infraorbital groove
4. Lacrimal fossa
5. Optic canal (also the apex)

Front 6

The eyelids are covered by skin externally but by ___ internally, which is continuous with the ___ covering the ___ and ___.
These two conjunctiva layers meet at the ___. A medial fold of conjunctiva near the lacrimal lake is called the ___.

Back 6

1. palpebral conjunctiva
2. bulbar conjunctiva
3. sclera
4. cornea
5. superior and inf. fornices
6. plica semilunaris

Front 7

The ___ which lies on the anterior surface of the lens, is a thin, contractile diaphragm with a central aperature known as the ___.

Back 7

1. iris
2. pupil

Front 8

Control of the Pupil

Back 8

1. sphincter (constrictor) pupillae
2. dilator pupillae

Front 9

The eyelids are strengthened by dense bands of connective tissue known as the___, which are connected to the medial and lateral angles of the eye by the ___ & ___ respectively.
The ___ is a weak membrane that spans from the ___ to the margins of the orbit where it eventually becomes continuous with the ___.

Back 9

1. tarsal plates
2. medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
3. orbital septum
4. tarsal plates
5. periosteum

Front 10

5 Layers of the Eyelid

Back 10

(superficial to deep)
1. outer skin layer
2. subcutaneous layer
3. muscular layer (orbicularis oculi & levator palpebrae superioris)
4. tarsofacial layer (tarsal glands and plate)
5. conjuctival layer (palpebral conjuctiva)

Front 11

Lacrimal Gland:
-Stimulated by?

Back 11

para/post fibers from CN VII

Front 12

Course of Tear Drainage

Back 12

1. Lacrimal gland
2. Lacrimal ducts
3. Superior and inferior fornix
4. Collect at lacrimal lake (modified skin @ lake = lacrimal carnucle)
5. Lacrimal punctum of lacrimal papilla
6. Lacrimal canaliculi
7. Lacrimal sac
8. Nasolacrimal duct
9. Inferior nasal meatus of nasal cavity

Front 13

Medial and Lateral Check Ligaments
-Formed By?
-Function?

Back 13

-formed by expansions of fascial sheath at medial and lateral rectus ms.
-medial check lig. - limits adduction
-lateral check lig. - limits abduction

Front 14

Suspensory Ligament
-Formed By?
-Function?

Back 14

-formed by blending of check ligs. with fascia of inf. rectus and inf. oblique ms.
-supports eyeball and limits downward displacement

Front 15

Levator Palpebrae Superioris M.

Back 15

I: CN III (superior division); superior tarsal m. is innervated by VE symp/post fibers
A: elevates upper eyelid
O: lesser wing of sphenoid
I: upper eyelid and superior tarsal plate

Front 16

Superior Rectus M.

Back 16

I: CN III (superior div.)
A: elevates, adducts and medially rotates eyeball
O: common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn)
I: superior sclera

Front 17

Inferior Recus M.

Back 17

I: CN III (inf. division)
A: depresses, adducts and laterally rotates eyeball
O: common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn)
I: inferior sclera

Front 18

Medial Recus M.

Back 18

I: CN III (inf. div.)
A: adducts eyeball
O: common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn)
I: medial sclera

Front 19

Lateral Rectus M.

Back 19

I: CN VI (abducens)
A: abducts eyeball
O: common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn)
I: lateral sclera

Front 20

Superior Oblique M.

Back 20

I: CN IV (trochlear)
A: abducts, depresses and medially rotates eyeball
O: body of sphenoid bone
I: superior sclera deep to superior rectus

Front 21

Inferior Oblique M.

Back 21

I: CN III (inf. div.)
A: abducts, elevates and laterally rotates eyeball
O: anteromedial floor or orbit
I: sclera inf. to lateral rectus

Front 22

CN V1:
Branch Pattern:

Back 22

passes thru sup. orbital fissure. 3 branches:
1. lacrimal
2. nasalciliary
3. frontal - 2 branches:
a. supraorbital
b. supratrochlear
*SA cell bodies for V1 are in trigeminal ganglion

Front 23

Nasociliary N.
-Originates from?
-Branches?
-Changes name to?

Back 23

-originates from CN V1
-gives rise to long ciliary, posterior and anterior ethmoidal ns.
-then changes name to infratrochlear n.

Front 24

CN III:
VE Para/pre Synapse?

Back 24

-passes thru sup. orbital fissure
-synapse in at ciliary ganglion

Front 25

Back 25

1. dorsal nasal
2. supratrochlear
3. supraorbital
4. lacrimal
5. long posterior ciliary
6. central artery of retina (travels through optic nerve)
7. short posterior ciliary
8. opthalmic
9. posterior ethmoidal
10. anterior ethmoidal

Front 26

Orbital Venous Drainage

Back 26

-superior opthalmic v. drains into cavernous sinus
-inferior opthalmic v. drains into both the superior opthalmic v. and the pterygoid venous plexus

Front 27

Intrinsic Eyeball:
Fibrous Layer:
-Structures?

Back 27

-cornea: anterior 1/6 of eyeball supplied by VA fibers of V1 of ciliary ns. Responsible for light refraction
-sclera: posterior 5/6 of eyeball. Responsible for attachments and shape of eye muscles

Front 28

Intrinsic Eyeball:
Vascular (Pigmented) Layer:
-Structures?
-Ms. that control pupil size?

Back 28

-Choroid: posterior 5/6 of eyeball; outer pigmented layer; inner highly vascularized layer
-Ciliary body: connects choroid and iris; produces aqueous humor; innervated by VE para/post fibers; controls thickness of lens -> focus
-Iris: controls size of central apeture (pupil); sphincter pupillae (VE-para/post from ciliary ganglia) & dilator pupillae (VE-symp/post from long ciliary n.)

Front 29

Intrinsic Eyeball:
Inner (Retinal) Layer:
-Structures?

Back 29

-outer pigmented layer
-inner neural layer with 3 types of neurons:
1. rods & cones
2. bipolar neuraons
3. gangion neurons forming CN II

Front 30

Fundus:
-Structures?

Back 30

-optic disk: blind spot caused by central retinal vessels and optic n.
-fovea centralis: area of most acute vision at center of macula lutea (yellow spot)