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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five layers of the eye lid?
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Skin
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue Muscle - Palepebral portion of orbicularis oris and Aponeurosis of Levator Palpebrae inserting on tarsal plate {Orbital septum} Tarsofascial plane Conjunctiva |
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What are the two parts of the conjuctiva and where are they?
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Palpebral- inner eye lid
Bulbar - anterior sclera and cornea |
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Where do the bulbar and palpebral part of the eyelid meet?
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Superior conjunctival fornix
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What are the two components of the levator palepebrae superioris?
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Straited - occulomotor CN III
Smooth/Superior Tarsal - Symp NS |
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What is the role of the superior conjunctival fornix?
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lacrimal gland secretes here
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What muscle elevates the eyelid?
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levator palpebrae superioris
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What is another word for drooping eyelid?
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Ptosis
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What are the two conditions that ptosis can indicate?
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1) Lesion of Sympathetic NS
2) CN III Occulomotor lesion |
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How do you differentiate whether ptosis is caused by SNS or CN III?
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+ Horner's Syndrome symptoms - SNS
- Horners Syndrome Symptoms CN III |
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What are the symptoms of Horner's Syndrome?
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Ptosis
Miosis Anhidrosis Flushing of Face |
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What is the superior tarsal muscle?
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the smooth muscle component of the levator palpebrae
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The lacrimal gland secretion is innervated by what type of nerve?
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Parasympathetic
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What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
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Sensory - Lacrimal Branch of Opthalmic Branch of Trigeminal
Motor - Parasympatehtic from facial nerve |
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What is the path of the parasympathetics of the lacrimal gland?
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-Preganglionics: Superior Salivatory Nucleus of CN VII
-Facial nerve CN VII -Greater petrosal nerve -Deep petrosal nerve joins -Nerve of Pterygoid canal -Synapse at Ptergopalantine ganglion -Post ganglionic: Maxillary division of CN V (Trigeminal) -Communicating Branch -Lacrimal Nerve (that already has sensory fibers) |
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What types of fibers are in the superior salivatory nucleus and where are they going?
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Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers going to the Lacrimal and Mucous and Other Glands
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What extends halfway between the Superior Tarsal muscle and Palpebral portion of orbicularis occuli?
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orbital septum
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What is the orbital septum continous with?
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Periorbita
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What is the periorbita?
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Periosteum lining inside of orbit
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What is periorbita continous with?
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Outer/periosteal layer of the dura mater (Periosteum)
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What provides a significant part of the thickness of the eyelids?
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Tarsal plate
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What is embedded in the tarsal plates?
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tarsal glands which extrude their secretions on outer edge of eyelid
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What attaches to the tarsal plates?
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The medial and lateral palpebral ligaments attach to the medial and lateral ends of the tarsal plates and stabilizes them by attaching to bone, etc
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What is the bulbar sheath?
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Sheath around eyeball continuous with what covers the extraoccular muscles
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Where is the lacrimal gland located?
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Superolateral corner of orbit
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Where does lacrimal fluid that builds up go from the eye?
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Nasal cavity
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What is the pathway of lacrimal fluid from the eye?
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Lacrimal puncta
Lacrimal caniliculi Lacrimal Sac Nasolacrimal duct |
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What artery supplies the lacrimal gland?
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Lacrimal artery
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What is the lacrimal artery a branch of?
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Opthalmic
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What is the venous drainage of the lacrimal gland?
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Lacrimal vein
Opthalmic vein Cavernous sinus |
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What 7 bones make up the orbit?
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1. Sphenoid
2. Frontal 3. Maxillary 4. Zygomatic 5. Lacrimal 6. Ethmoid 7. Palatine |
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What 3 bones make up the orbital aperature?
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Frontal bone, maxilla and zygomatic
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What makes up the roof of the orbit?
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Frontal bone
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What makes up the medial wall of the orbit?
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Ethmoid
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What makes up the floor of the orbit?
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Maxilla
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What forms the lateral wall of the orbit?
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Zygomatic
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Where is the fossa for the lacrimal gland located?
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Lateral roof of frontal bone
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Where is the optic canal located?
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Between the lesser wing of sphenoid and body wing of sphenoid
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Where is the attachment for the trochlear muscle?
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Superior oblique muscle
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Where is the fossa for the lacrimal sac?
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Lacrimal bone
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What does contraction of orbicularis occuli do?
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Pumps fluid off surface of the eye
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What is between the maxilla and the greater wing of the sphenoid?
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Inferior orbital fissure
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What goes through the optical canal (2)?
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Optic Nerve
Opthalmic artery |
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What goes through the inferior orbital fissure? (2)
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Infraorbital artery and nerve (then it goes out through the infraorbital foramen
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What five structures are transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?
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Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear CN IV Trigeminal CN V1 Abducens CN VI Opthalmic veins |
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What is the mneumonic for the stuff located in the superior orbital fissure outside the annulus tendinous?
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Look
For Three |
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What stuff is located in the superior orbital fissure?
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Look - Lacrimal (from CN V1)
For - Frontal (from CNV1) Three - Trochlear (IV) Opthalmic Vein |
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What is located inside the superior orbital fissure?
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Superior division of Occulomotor CN III
Inferior Division of CN III (Trochlear) Nasociliary from V1 Abducens (VI) |
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What else is located in the annulus tendinous besides the stuff in the superior orbital fissure?
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Optic canal
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Whats in the optic canal again?
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Optic nerve
Opthalmic artery |
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How many extraocular muscles are there?
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6
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Name the 6 extraocular muscles?
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Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus Lateral Rectus Medial Rectus Superior Oblique Inferior Oblique |
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How many rectuses are there versus obliques?
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4 rectuses, 2 obliques
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What is the annulus tendineus?
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The common tendon/fibrous ring that 4 rectus muscles arise from
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Where is annulus tendineus located?
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Medial side of back of orbit, around optic canal and part of superior orbital fissure
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Where does the superior oblique arise from?
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Below/medial to levator palpebrae but above annulus tendineus
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Where does inferior oblique arise from?
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Fossa in maxilla in anterior floor of orbit
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Which nerve innervates all the extraoccular muscles but two?
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Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
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What are the two muscles not innervated by occulomotor?
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Lateral Rectus
Superior Oblique |
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What innervates Lateral Rectus?
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Abbducens CN VI
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What innervates superior oblique?
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Trochlear
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What is the mneumonic for remembering the two extraoccular nerves not innervated by occulomotor?
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LR6SO4
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What is adduct and abduct when we talk about the eye?
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Adduct is in toward midline
Abduct is out laterally |
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What does superior rectus do?
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Elevate and adduct
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What does inferior Rectus do?
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Depress
Aduct |
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What does Lateral Rectus do?
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Abduct
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Medial rectus
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Adducts
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Where do the inferior oblique and superior oblique pass on the eyeball?
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Behind its vertical axis
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What movement does inferior oblique do?
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Up and out
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What movement does superior oblique do?
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Down and out
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How does the superior oblique do its motion?
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Through the action of its pully/trochlea
The superior oblique is actually a straight muscle but when it contracts it pulls its trochlear and that does the action |
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How do you test someones Trochlear nerve?
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Ask them to look in and then down
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Why is looking down a special case?
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Because adduction creates slack in inferior rectus so the only muscle that can depress the eye is the superior oblique
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What are the three divisions of the Opthalmic Division of Trigeminal nerve
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Lacrimal
Frontal Nasociliary |
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Where does the Opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve divide into three?
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At the superior orbital fissure
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Which parts of the Opthalmic division of trigeminal does go through the annulus tendineus?
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Nasociliary
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Which parts of the Opthalmic division does NOT go through annulus tendineus?
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Frontal
Lacrimal |
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What is important about anesthetizing the orbit?
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Needle must be passed thruogh annulus tendineus so all nerves are put down
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What is the mnuemonic for remembering which cranial nerves do sensory, motor or mixed innervation?
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Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
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Which cranial nerves do sensory, motor or mixed?
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Some - Sensory - Olfactory I
Say - Sensory - Opthalmic II Money- Motor-Occulomotor III Matters - Motor - Trochlear IV But -Both -Trigeminal V My -Motor - Abducens VI Brother -Both -Facial VII Says -Sensory -VestiC VIII Big -Both -GlossP IX Brains -Both -Vagus X Matter -Motor -SpinC XI More -Motor -HypoG XII |
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What is only sensory?
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Olfactory
Opthalmic Vestibulococlear |
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What is only Motor
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Occulomotor
Trochlear Abducens Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal |
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What is the relationship between lacrimal gland and lacrimal nerve?
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Lacrimal nerve is anterior to lacrimal gland
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What are the branches of the frontal nerve?
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Supratrochlear and supraorbital
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Which of the branches of frontal is more medial/lateral?
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Supraorbital - lateral
Supra trochlear - Medial |
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What are the branches of nasociliary
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Sensory root - ciliary ganglion
Long ciliary Anterior ethmoid - Ext nasal vs Infratrochlear |
