Openstax Biology - Chapter 28 - Inverterbrates

Front 1

amoebocyte

Back 1

sponge cell with multiple functions, including nutrient delivery, egg formation, sperm delivery, and cell differentiation

Front 2

Annelida

Back 2

phylum of vermiform animals with metamerism

Front 3

archenteron

Back 3

primitive gut cavity within the gastrula that opens outwards via the blastopore

Front 4

Arthropoda

Back 4

phylum of animals with jointed appendages

Front 5

biramous

Back 5

referring to two branches per appendage

Front 6

captacula

Back 6

tentacle-like projection that is present in tusks shells to catch prey

Front 7

cephalothorax

Back 7

fused head and thorax in some species

Front 8

chelicera

Back 8

modified first pair of appendages in subphylum Chelicerata

Front 9

choanocyte

Back 9

sponge cell that functions to generate a water current and to trap and ingest food particles via phagocytosis; also known as collar cell

Front 10

Chordata

Back 10

phylum of animals distinguished by their possession of a notochord, a dorsal, hollownerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in their development

Front 11

clitellum

Back 11

specialized band of fused segments, which aids in reproduction

Front 12

cnidocyte

Back 12

specialized stinging cell found in Cnidaria

Front 13

conispiral

Back 13

shell shape coiled around a horizontal axis

Front 14

corona

Back 14

wheel-like structure on the anterior portion of the rotifer that contains cilia and moves food and water toward the mouth

Front 15

ctenidium

Back 15

specialized gill structure in mollusks

Front 16

cuticle

Back 16

the tough, external layer possessed by members of the invertebrate class Ecdysozoa that is periodically molted and replaced

Front 17

cypris

Back 17

larval stage in the early development of crustaceans

Front 18

Echinodermata

Back 18

phylum of deuterostomes with spiny skin; exclusively marine organisms

Front 19

enterocoelom

Back 19

coelom formed by fusion of coelomic pouches budded from the endodermal lining of the archenteron

Front 20

epidermis

Back 20

outer layer (from ectoderm) that lines the outside of the animal

Front 21

extracellular digestion

Back 21

food is taken into the gastrovascular cavity, enzymes are secreted into the cavity, and the cells lining the cavity absorb nutrients

Front 22

gastrodermis

Back 22

inner layer (from endoderm) that lines the digestive cavity

Front 23

gastrovascular cavity

Back 23

opening that serves as both a mouth and an anus, which is termed an incomplete digestive system

Front 24

gemmule

Back 24

structure produced by asexual reproduction in freshwater sponges where the morphology is inverted

Front 25

hemocoel

Back 25

internal body cavity seen in arthropods

Front 26

hermaphrodite

Back 26

referring to an animal where both male and female gonads are present in the same individual

Front 27

invertebrata

Back 27

category of animals that do not possess a cranium or vertebral column

Front 28

madreporite

Back 28

pore for regulating entry and exit of water into the water vascular system

Front 29

mantle

Back 29

specialized epidermis that encloses all visceral organs and secretes shells; also known as pallium

Front 30

mastax

Back 30

jawed pharynx unique to the rotifers

Front 31

medusa

Back 31

free-floating cnidarian body plan with mouth on underside and tentacles hanging down from a bell

Front 32

mesoglea

Back 32

non-living, gel-like matrix present between ectoderm and endoderm in cnidarians

Front 33

mesohyl

Back 33

collagen-like gel containing suspended cells that perform various functions in the sponge

Front 34

metamerism

Back 34

series of body structures that are similar internally and externally, such as segments

Front 35

Mollusca

Back 35

phylum of protostomes with soft bodies and no segmentation

Front 36

nacre

Back 36

calcareous secretion produced by bivalves to line the inner side of shells as well as to coat intruding particulate matter

Front 37

nauplius

Back 37

larval stage in the early development of crustaceans

Front 38

nematocyst

Back 38

harpoon-like organelle within cnidocyte with pointed projectile and poison to stun and entangle prey

Front 39

Nematoda

Back 39

phylum of worm-like animals that are triploblastic, pseudocoelomates that can be free- living or parasitic

Front 40

Nemertea

Back 40

phylum of dorsoventrally flattened protostomes known as ribbon worms

Front 41

osculum

Back 41

large opening in the sponge’s body through which water leaves

Front 42

ostium

Back 42

pore present on the sponge’s body through which water enters

Front 43

oviger

Back 43

additional pair of appendages present on some arthropods between the chelicerae and pedipalps

Front 44

parapodium

Back 44

fleshy, flat, appendage that protrudes in pairs from each segment of polychaetes

Front 45

pedipalp

Back 45

second pair of appendages in Chelicerata

Front 46

pilidium

Back 46

larval form found in some nemertine species

Front 47

pinacocyte

Back 47

epithelial-like cell that forms the outermost layer of sponges and encloses a jelly-like substance called mesohyl

Front 48

planospiral

Back 48

shell shape coiled around a vertical axis

Front 49

planuliform

Back 49

larval form found in phylum Nemertea

Front 50

polymorphic

Back 50

possessing multiple body plans within the lifecycle of a group of organisms

Front 51

polyp

Back 51

stalk-like sessile life form of a cnidarians with mouth and tentacles facing upward, usually sessile but may be able to glide along surface

Front 52

Porifera

Back 52

phylum of animals with no true tissues, but a porous body with rudimentary endoskeleton

Front 53

rhynchocoel

Back 53

cavity present above the mouth that houses the proboscis

Front 54

schizocoelom

Back 54

coelom formed by groups of cells that split from the endodermal layer

Front 55

sclerocyte

Back 55

cell that secretes silica spicules into the mesohyl

Front 56

seta/chaeta

Back 56

chitinous projection from the cuticle

Front 57

siphonophore

Back 57

tubular structure that serves as an inlet for water into the mantle cavity

Front 58

spicule

Back 58

structure made of silica or calcium carbonate that provides structural support for sponges

Front 59

trochophore

Back 59

first of the two larval stages in mollusks

Front 60

uniramous

Back 60

referring to one branch per appendage

Front 61

veliger

Back 61

second of the two larval stages in mollusks

Front 62

water vascular system

Back 62

system in echinoderms where water is the circulatory fluid

Front 63

zoea

Back 63

larval stage in the early development of crustaceans

Front 64

Cnidaria

Back 64

phylum of animals that are diploblastic and have radial symmetry

Front 65

spongocoel

Back 65

central cavity within the body of some sponges

Front 66

radula

Back 66

tongue-like organ with chitinous ornamentation