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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acanthostega
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one of the earliest known tetrapods |
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Actinopterygii
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ray-finned fishes |
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allantois
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membrane of the egg that stores nitrogenous wastes produced by the embryo; also facilitates respiration |
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amnion
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membrane of the egg that protects the embryo from mechanical shock and prevents dehydration |
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amniote
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animal that produces a terrestrially adapted egg protected by amniotic membranes |
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Amphibia
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frogs, salamanders, and caecilians |
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ampulla of Lorenzini
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sensory organ that allows sharks to detect electromagnetic fields produced by living things |
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anapsid
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animal having no temporal fenestrae in the cranium |
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anthropoid
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monkeys, apes, and humans |
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Anura
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frogs |
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apocrine gland
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scent gland that secretes substances that are used for chemical communication Apoda caecilians |
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Archaeopteryx
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transition species from dinosaur to bird from the Jurassic period |
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archosaur
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modern crocodilian or bird, or an extinct pterosaur or dinosaur |
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Australopithecus
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genus of hominins that evolved in eastern Africa approximately 4 million years ago |
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brachiation
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movement through trees branches via suspension from the arms |
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brumation
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period of much reduced metabolism and torpor that occurs in any ectotherm in cold weather |
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caecilian
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legless amphibian that belongs to the clade Apoda |
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Casineria
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one of the oldest known amniotes; had both amphibian and reptilian characteristics |
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Catarrhini
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clade of Old World monkeys |
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Cephalochordata
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chordate clade whose members possess a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail in the adult stage |
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Chondrichthyes
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jawed fish with paired fins and a skeleton made of cartilage |
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Chordata
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phylum of animals distinguished by their possession of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some point during their development |
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chorion
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membrane of the egg that surrounds the embryo and yolk sac |
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contour feather
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feather that creates an aerodynamic surface for efficient flight |
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Craniata
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clade composed of chordates that possess a cranium; includes Vertebrata together with hagfishes |
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cranium
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bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous structure surrounding the brain, jaw, and facial bone |
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Crocodilia
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crocodiles and alligators |
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cutaneous respiration
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gas exchange through the skin |
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dentary
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single bone that comprises the lower jaw of mammals |
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diapsid
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animal having two temporal fenestrae in the cranium |
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diphyodont
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refers to the possession of two sets of teeth in a lifetime |
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dorsal hollow
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nerve cord hollow, tubular structure derived from ectoderm, which is located dorsal to the notochord in chordates |
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down feather
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feather specialized for insulation |
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eccrine gland
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sweat gland |
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Enantiornithes
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dominant bird group during the Cretaceous period |
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eutherian mammal
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mammal that possesses a complex placenta, which connects a fetus to the mother; sometimes called placental mammals |
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flight feather
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feather specialized for flightv |
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frog
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tail-less amphibian that belongs to the clade Anura |
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furcula
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wishbone formed by the fusing of the clavicles |
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gnathostome
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jawed fish |
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Gorilla
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genus of gorillas |
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hagfish
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eel-like jawless fish that live on the ocean floor and are scavengers |
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heterodont tooth
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different types of teeth that are modified for different purposes |
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hominin
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species that are more closely related to humans than chimpanzees |
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hominoid
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pertaining to great apes and humans |
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Homo
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genus of humans |
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Homo sapiens sapiens
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anatomically modern humans |
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Hylobatidae
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family of gibbons |
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Hylonomus
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one of the earliest reptiles |
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lamprey
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jawless fish characterized by a toothed, funnel-like, sucking mouth |
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lancelet
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member of Cephalochordata; named for its blade-like shape |
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lateral line
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sense organ that runs the length of a fish’s body; used to detect vibration in the water |
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lepidosaur
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modern lizards, snakes, and tuataras |
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mammal
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one of the groups of endothermic vertebrates that possesses hair and mammary glands |
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mammary gland
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in female mammals, a gland that produces milk for newborns |
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marsupial
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one of the groups of mammals that includes the kangaroo, koala, bandicoot, Tasmanian devil, and several other species; young develop within a pouch |
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monotreme
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egg-laying mammal |
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Myxini
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hagfishes |
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Neognathae
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birds other than the Paleognathae |
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Neornithes
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modern birds |
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notochord
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flexible, rod-shaped support structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and in the adult stage of some chordates |
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Ornithorhynchidae
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clade that includes the duck-billed platypus |
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Osteichthyes
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bony fish |
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ostracoderm
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one of the earliest jawless fish covered in bone |
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Paleognathae
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ratites; flightless birds, including ostriches and emus |
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Pan
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genus of chimpanzees and bonobos |
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Petromyzontidae
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clade of lampreys |
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Platyrrhini
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clade of New World monkeys |
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Plesiadapis
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oldest known primate-like mammal pneumatic bone air-filled bone |
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Pongo
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genus of orangutans |
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post-anal tail
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muscular, posterior elongation of the body extending beyond the anus in chordates |
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primary feather
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feather located at the tip of the wing that provides thrust |
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Primates
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order of lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans |
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prognathic jaw
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long jaw |
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prosimian
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division of primates that includes bush babies of Africa, lemurs of Madagascar, and lorises, pottos, and tarsiers of Southeast Asia |
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salamander
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tailed amphibian that belongs to the clade Urodela |
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Sarcopterygii
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lobe-finned fish |
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sauropsid
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reptile or bird |
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sebaceous gland
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in mammals, a skin gland that produce a lipid mixture called sebum |
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Sphenodontia
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clade of tuataras |
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Squamata
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clade of lizards and snakes |
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stereoscopic vision
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two overlapping fields of vision from the eyes that produces depth perception |
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swim bladder
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in fishes, a gas filled organ that helps to control the buoyancy of the fish |
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synapsid
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mammal having one temporal fenestra |
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Tachyglossidae
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clade that includes the echidna or spiny anteater |
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tadpole
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larval stage of a frog |
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temporal fenestra
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non-orbital opening in the skull that may allow muscles to expand and lengthen |
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Testudines
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order of turtles |
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tetrapod
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phylogenetic reference to an organism with a four-footed evolutionary history; includes amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals |
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theropod
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dinosaur group ancestral to birds |
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tunicate
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sessile chordate that is a member of Urochordata |
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Urochordata
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clade composed of tunicates |
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Urodela
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salamanders |
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vertebral column
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series of separate bones joined together as a backbone |
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Vertebrata
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members of the phylum Chordata that possess a backbone |
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secondary feather |
feather located at the base of the wing that provides lift |
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pharyngeal slit |
opening in the pharynx |
