Ocr A Level Biology. 2.6 Cell Division, Cell Diversity And Cell Differentiation. Key Words.

Front 1

Cytokinesis

Back 1

Cytoplasmic division following nuclear division, resulting in two new daughter cells.

Front 2

Interphase

Back 2

Phase of cell cycle where the cell is not dividing; it is subdivided into growth and synthesis phases

Front 3

Mitosis

Back 3

Type of nuclear division that produces daughter cells genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.

Front 4

Chromatids

Back 4

Replicates of chromosomes

Front 5

Mitosis

Back 5

Type of nuclear division that maintain the chromosome number; each new daughter cell contains the same genetic information as the parent cell. They are also genetically identical to each other.

Front 6

Haploid

Back 6

Having only one set of chromosomes, represented by the symbol "n"

Front 7

Homologous chromosomes

Back 7

Matching chromosomes, containing the same genes at the same places (loci). They may contain different alleles for some of the genes.

Front 8

Meiosis

Back 8

Type of nuclear division that results in the formation of cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Front 9

differentiation

Back 9

Process by which stem cells become specialised into different types of cell

Front 10

epithelial cell

Back 10

cell that constitute lining tissue

Front 11

Erythrocyte

Back 11

Red blood cell

Front 12

Neutrophil

Back 12

Type of white blood cell that is phagocytic (can ingest microbes and small particles)

Front 13

Stem cell

Back 13

Unspecialised cell able to express all of its genes and divide by mitosis.

Front 14

Guard cell

Back 14

In leaf epidermis, cells that surround stomata

Front 15

Palisade cell

Back 15

Closely-packed photosynthetic cells within leaves

Front 16

Root hair cells

Back 16

Epidermal cells of young roots with long hair-like projections

Front 17

Tissue

Back 17

Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function/ set of functions

Front 18

Meristem

Back 18

Area of unspecialised cells within a plant that can divide and differentiate into other cell types

Front 19

Organ

Back 19

Collection of tissues working together to perform a function/ related function.

Front 20

Phloem

Back 20

Tissue that carries products of photosynthesis, in solution, within plants

Front 21

Xylem

Back 21

Tissue that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to all parts of the plant

Front 22

Organ system

Back 22

A number of organs working together to carry out an overall life function