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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Water Composition
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1 Oxygen
2 Hydrogen |
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Dipolar Molecule
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~Net positive and negative charges
~Magnet-like- repels and attracts other charged particles |
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Surface Tension
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Dipolar molecule attracting other H2Os
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Heat Capacity
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~Amount of heat (energy) required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1oC
~Measured in calories |
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Temperature
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Measure of how rapid molecules vibrate
|
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Heat capacity of pure water
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~1 calorie
~All other substances can be compared to pure water |
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Sand heat capacity
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~0.2 calorie
~It takes 5 times more (5x0.2=1) energy to raise the temperature of a certain mass of water than it does to raise the temperature of an equal mass of sand |
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Density
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~Mass per unit volume
~Maximum density of water occurs at 3.98oC and is defined as 1g/cm^3 |
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Freezing
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~Most objects freeze = INCREASE in density (liquid to solid)
~Water has a DECREASE in density ~Ice will flow on water |
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Water freezing
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~Water molecules realign to form rigid hydrogen bonds and a hexagonal crystal lattice
~Water expands by 9% when it freezes |
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Evaporation
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Breaking the non-ridged hydrogen bonds that cause the cohesiveness of water
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Salt water evaporation
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More slow than pure water because molecules adhere to salt ions
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Salinity
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Amount of dissolved solids in water
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Seawater salinity
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~Average 3.5%
~35g dissolved salts/kg of water = 35 ppt |
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Pure water salinity
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Average 96.5%
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Salts in seawater
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~Charged particles
~Interact with dipolar water molecules |