Literature Review
Temperature
The greatest source of heat in water is solar irradiance by direct absorption (Wetzel and Likens, 2000). We might assumed that heat will remain at where it was absorbed and temperature will decrease exponentially with depth, just with the light and may remain constant at the hypolimnion (Lampert and Sommer, 2007). Water has the properties of high heat capacity, thus the larger lake might tends to moderate the local climate and provide the longer growing season for aquatic life (Wetzel and Likens, 2000). Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or system and can be measured with a thermometer or a calorimeter. It is a means of determining the internal energy contained …show more content…
Water temperature increases as the turbidity increase. This is caused by the absorbance of heat by the suspended particles within the water body. This reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water since warm water holds less DO compared to cold water. Higher turbidity also reduces the amount of light that can penetrate the water, which reduces photosynthesis and the production of DO. Based on Wetzel and Likens (2000), turbidity in water is caused by suspended inorganic and organic matter with clay, slit, carbonate particles, fine organic matter, some plankton and small organism. Most of the organic matter in lakes is in the dissolved form. The suspended matter caused the light scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted.
Turbidity of water also affected by water current or wave action and it can cover the benthic algae with muddy sediment and deprived them of light. However, turbidity is not a measurement of the amount of suspended solids particles presents or the rate of sedimentation in a stream. It measures the scattering of light by the suspended particles. Turbidity is a major concern of water treatment operations were suspended particulate matter are removed from the water body so that can be used for domestic and industrial …show more content…
The Secchi transparency is the water depth at which a white disc that usually 20 cm in diameter which will disappear from the view of the observer at the water surface. It is a reliable method and often used to estimate for the rapid measurement of light condition (Lampert and Sommer, 2007).
Secchi disc transparency is basically a function of reflection of light from the surface of the disc and therefore is affected by the absorption characteristic of the water and of dissolved and particulate matter contained in the water. Although high concentrations of dissolved organic matter decrease transparency in a nonlinear way, as measured with Secchi disc ( Wetzel , 1983) , reduction in light transmission as evaluated by the disc is influenced strongly by increased scattering of the light intensity but becomes erratic near dawn or dusk. Determinations are best made near midday.
Temperature
The greatest source of heat in water is solar irradiance by direct absorption (Wetzel and Likens, 2000). We might assumed that heat will remain at where it was absorbed and temperature will decrease exponentially with depth, just with the light and may remain constant at the hypolimnion (Lampert and Sommer, 2007). Water has the properties of high heat capacity, thus the larger lake might tends to moderate the local climate and provide the longer growing season for aquatic life (Wetzel and Likens, 2000). Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object or system and can be measured with a thermometer or a calorimeter. It is a means of determining the internal energy contained …show more content…
Water temperature increases as the turbidity increase. This is caused by the absorbance of heat by the suspended particles within the water body. This reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water since warm water holds less DO compared to cold water. Higher turbidity also reduces the amount of light that can penetrate the water, which reduces photosynthesis and the production of DO. Based on Wetzel and Likens (2000), turbidity in water is caused by suspended inorganic and organic matter with clay, slit, carbonate particles, fine organic matter, some plankton and small organism. Most of the organic matter in lakes is in the dissolved form. The suspended matter caused the light scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted.
Turbidity of water also affected by water current or wave action and it can cover the benthic algae with muddy sediment and deprived them of light. However, turbidity is not a measurement of the amount of suspended solids particles presents or the rate of sedimentation in a stream. It measures the scattering of light by the suspended particles. Turbidity is a major concern of water treatment operations were suspended particulate matter are removed from the water body so that can be used for domestic and industrial …show more content…
The Secchi transparency is the water depth at which a white disc that usually 20 cm in diameter which will disappear from the view of the observer at the water surface. It is a reliable method and often used to estimate for the rapid measurement of light condition (Lampert and Sommer, 2007).
Secchi disc transparency is basically a function of reflection of light from the surface of the disc and therefore is affected by the absorption characteristic of the water and of dissolved and particulate matter contained in the water. Although high concentrations of dissolved organic matter decrease transparency in a nonlinear way, as measured with Secchi disc ( Wetzel , 1983) , reduction in light transmission as evaluated by the disc is influenced strongly by increased scattering of the light intensity but becomes erratic near dawn or dusk. Determinations are best made near midday.