Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Universe |
-14.6byo mostly hydrogen -hydrogen turns to helium when squeezed together |
|
|
Sun |
hydrogen bomb trying to explode being held together by gravity |
|
|
Earth |
4.6byo |
|
|
Istostacy |
gravity and floating -where something floats: istostatic balance |
|
|
Sediment layers |
pillow lavas sheeted dikes gabbro |
|
|
Measuring using sound |
sound goes through layers at different speeds |
|
|
Convergent boundaries |
two plates moving towards each other subduction zones crust is destroyed back arc volcanism |
|
|
Divergent boundaries |
two plates moving away from each other crust created spreading centers mid ocean ridges hydrothermal vents |
|
|
Transform boundaries |
two plates slide past each other fracture zones creates cliffs |
|
|
Earth cooling |
earth is cooling plate tectonics will stop when the earth is cooled |
|
|
Back arc volcanos |
water makes rock melt at a lower temperature behind every subduction zone -less dense material goes up after sub ducting plate and forms volcano |
|
|
Hot spot |
plume of hot molten rock coming to the surface -hawaiin islands and yellowstone |
|
|
Atoll |
ring shaped coral reef as mountain cools and sinks coral grows up to get sunlight |
|
|
Hydrothermal vents |
black smoker warm rock at depth with enough cracks to let water in mound hot water mixes with cold minerals start precipitating out -chemosynthesis getting energy from chemicals turns on and off everything dies when turned off |
|
|
Turbitity current |
landslide of sediments going through water |
|
|
Types of sediment |
lithogenous biogenous cosmogenous hydrogenous |
|
|
Earthquakes |
all plate boundaries subduction zones-deepest |
|
|
Weathering |
altitude promotes weathering (violence of weather increases) -himalayas rapidly weathered -greatest amount of sediments coming out of rivers
|
|
|
Average depth of ocean and average continent height |
4 kilometers 100 meters |
|
|
How cold to subduct |
150 billion years to get cold enough to subduct |
|
|
Ophiolite |
ocean crust somehow gets stuck on land (rare) |
|
|
Dating things |
ash from volcanoes are radioactive trapped chalk shows how much oxygen - ice on land or not fossils, when species went extinct
|
|
|
Oldest rock on surface |
3.6 boy middle of continent |
|
|
Creation of universe |
hydrogen -mostly universe dust debri and gas held together by gravity condensed dust and debit formed planets bigger mass more gravity pulled together
|
|
|
Chemical structure |
crust, mantle and core |
|
|
Physical structure |
lithosphere asthenosphere mantle core |
|
|
CCD |
calcium compensation depth where calcium dissolves |
