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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Do fats serve as long term or short term energy storage? |
Long term |
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What 3 major things do fats do? |
-Provide insulation -Act as hormones -Main component of cell membranes |
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What percent of your daily diet should fat be? |
30% |
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What are the 2 main types of fats that we consume? |
-Triglycerides -Cholesterol |
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What are triglycerides composed of? |
A glycerol molecule attached to 3 fatty acid chains |
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What determines the type of triglyceride? |
The length and the bonding of the fatty acid chains |
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What are the 2 types of fatty acids? |
Saturated and Unsaturated |
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How many bonds do Saturated Fatty acids have? |
Single bonds (Linear) |
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Are Saturated fats liquid, solid or gas at room Temperature? |
Solids |
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What 3 things are saturated fatty acids found in? (Food) |
Butter, Lard, Cheese |
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Are saturated fats deemed healthy? |
No |
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What percent should your daily diet stay under to remain healthy? |
10% |
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What type of carbon bonds are in Unsaturated fats? |
Double bonds |
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What happens when they are more double bonds in a fatty acid chain? |
The chains are unable to pack closely together and turn into liquids |
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What type of foods are unsaturated fats found in? |
Oils, avocados and nuts |
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What is hydrogenation? |
When Unsaturated fats have their bonds chemically reduced with hydrogen atoms |
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How are trans fats produced? |
Hydrogenation |
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How are trans fats produced? |
Hydrogenation |
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What do trans fats do? |
Elevate LDL cholesterol levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels |
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Where are Omega 3 and Omega 6 found? |
Fatty fish |
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What type of fatty acids are Omega 3 and Omega 6? |
Essential Fats |
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What do Omega fats build? |
Mycelin |
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What do Omega fats build? |
Mycelin |
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What is mycelin? |
The protective covering around neutrons of our brain cells |
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How many types of Cholesterol are there? |
2 |
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How much cholesterol do we produce in our liver? |
80% |
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What are the 2 types of cholesterol? |
Dietary and Blood |
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What are the 2 types of cholesterol? |
Dietary and Blood |
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Where do you find dietary cholesterol |
Foods containing animal fat -Liver -Egg yolks -Meat |
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What are the 2 types of cholesterol? |
Dietary and Blood |
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Where do you find dietary cholesterol |
Foods containing animal fat -Liver -Egg yolks -Meat |
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Where does most of your Blood cholesterol get produced? |
In the Liver |
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What is HDL? |
High-Density Lipoprotein |
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What is HDL? |
High-Density Lipoprotein |
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What does HDL do? |
Helps remove cholesterol from the body |
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What is HDL? |
High-Density Lipoprotein |
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What does HDL do? |
Helps remove cholesterol from the body |
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What does LDL do? |
Clogs arteries, blocks circulation increasing risk of heart attack and stroke |
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What is HDL? |
High-Density Lipoprotein |
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What does HDL do? |
Helps remove cholesterol from the body |
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What does LDL do? |
Clogs arteries, blocks circulation increasing risk of heart attack and stroke |
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How much dry weight of cells does protein contribute to? |
50% |
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How much dry weight of cells does protein contribute to? |
50% |
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How many of the 20 amino acids are considered "Essential"? |
8 |
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How much dry weight of cells does protein contribute to? |
50% |
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How many of the 20 amino acids are considered "Essential"? |
8 |
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Why are 8 of the 20 amino acids considered "Essential"? |
Because they cannot be produced by the body, therefore we must consume them through diet |
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How much dry weight of cells does protein contribute to? |
50% |
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How many of the 20 amino acids are considered "Essential"? |
8 |
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Why are 8 of the 20 amino acids considered "Essential"? |
Because they cannot be produced by the body, therefore we must consume them through diet |
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What percent of our daily diet should be protein? |
10%-35% |
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What is a "Complete" protein? |
Sources containing all 8 of the essential amino acids |
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What are some examples of complete proteins? |
Beef, Poultry, Fish |
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What are some examples of complete proteins? |
Beef, Poultry, Fish |
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What is the carbon in an amino acid called? |
The Alpha carbon |
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What are some examples of complete proteins? |
Beef, Poultry, Fish |
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What is the carbon in an amino acid called? |
The Alpha carbon |
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What 4 things is the carbon bonded to in amino acids? |
-Amine group NH2 -Carboxyl group (COOH) -Hydrogen -R group (different for all amino acids) |
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What are some examples of complete proteins? |
Beef, Poultry, Fish |
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What is the carbon in an amino acid called? |
The Alpha carbon |
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What 4 things is the carbon bonded to in amino acids? |
-Amine group NH2 -Carboxyl group (COOH) -Hydrogen -R group (different for all amino acids) |
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What are the 4 types of Tissue we have? |
Epithelial, Nervous, Connective, Muscle |
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What are the 4 types of Tissue we have? |
Epithelial, Nervous, Connective, Muscle |
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What are the 8 organ Systems? |
Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Reproductive, Excretory, Locomotion, Endochrine, Nervous |
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What is a heterotroph? |
An organism that depends on organic molecules manufactured by other living things |
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What are the 2 types of digestion that an organism can do? |
Internal and External digestion |
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Do scientists believe internal or external digestion is older? |
External |
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What is internal digestion? |
When organisms use a tube system to digest organic material |
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Why is internal digestion more efficient? |
it allows organisms to capture and store their food |
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What are the more cellular 2 major groups that digestion can be classified into? |
Intracellular or exracellular |
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What is intracellular digestion? |
Particles are digested within the cell |
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What are the 3 types of Digestive systems? |
1- Vacuole system 2- Closed tube (One opening) 3- Open tube (Two openings) |
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What are the 4 general steps to digestion? |
Ingestion->Chemical Breakdown->Absorption->Egestion |
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What type of digestion system do humans have? |
Open Tubed system |
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What are calories? |
An expression about the amount of energy |
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How is 1 calorie measured? |
The amount of energy it takes to raise 1 gram of water by 1 Degree |
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What is a functional food? |
A food that provides more for your body than just essential nutrients |
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What are whole foods? |
Foods containing a natural level or a functional component (Antioxidants) |
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What are fortified foods? |
Foods that contains added ingredients |
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What are enhanced foods? |
A functional component that has been introduced through breeding, feeding or genetic engineering |
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How are a list of ingredients organized? |
Descending order by weight amount |
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What is a nutrient? |
An edible chemical |
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What are the 3 main categories of Nutrients? |
1-Macro nutrients 2-Micro nutrients 3-Special nutrients |
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True or false: Macro nutrients are required by the body in large amounts |
True |
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Are Macro Nutrients organic? |
Yes |
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How many carbon atoms are in a macro nutrient? |
Dozens to Millions |
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Are Macromolecules monomers? |
No they are Polymers made up of Monomers |
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What are the 3 types of Macro nutrients that we consume? |
1-Carbohydrates 2-Lipids 3-Protein |
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What are the 2 types of Micro Nutrients? |
Minerals and Vitamins |
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Are Vitamins organic or inorganic? |
Organic |
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Are minerals organic or inorganic? |
Inorganic |
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What percent of the human body is constituted by water? |
70%-80% |
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How many servings of grain should we have every day? |
5-12 |
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How many servings of fruits and vegetables should we have every day? |
5-10 |
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How many servings of Milk products should we have every day? |
2-4 |
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How many servings of Meat should we have every day? |
2-3 |
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Where does photosynthesis happen? |
Chloroplasts |
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Where does cellular respiration happen? |
Mitochondria |
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What are the 2 types of sugars that we usually consume? |
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides |
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What type of sugars are glucose and fructose? |
Monosaccharides |
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What type of sugars are Sucrose and Lactose? |
Disaccharides |
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Is Fibre a Protein, Lipid or Carbohydrate? |
Carbohydrate |
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Where does fibre come from? |
The cell walls of plants |
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What is a "Whole Grain" |
Grains that include all portions of the grain |
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When you process a grain, what do you take out? |
The Bran and Germ |
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What are the 3 parts of a whole grain? |
Germ, Endosperm and Bran |
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What is glycogen? |
A carb that acts as a storehouse for extra glucose |
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Where is glycogen produced? |
Liver |
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If you are Celiac, what can you not process? |
Gluten |
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What is hydrolysis? |
The chemical process breaking down Macro molecules into small enough pieces to be absorbed |
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What is an enzyme? |
A special protein that helps speed up chemical reactions |
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What are the 4 main types of enzymes? |
-Carbohydrase -Lipase -Protease -Nuclease |
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What are 3 things that Calcium provides? |
Forms Bone, Contracts muscles, Clots Blood |
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What are 2 things that Potassium does for humans? |
Conduct Nerve Signals, Contract Muscles |
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What are 2 things that Sodium does in the body? |
Conduct Nerve Signals, Balance Fluid |
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What are 2 things that Magnesium does for us? |
Support enzyme functions, produce protein |
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What does Iron do for us? |
Produces hemoglobin |
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What does Vitamin A help? |
Good vision, skin and bones |
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What does Vitamin B help? |
Metabolizing carbs and muscle tone |
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What does Vitamin C help? |
The immune system |
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What does Vitamin D help? |
Absorbing calcium and forming bones |
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What does Vitamin E help? |
Strengthening red blood cell membranes |
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What are the 2 reasons that food spoils? |
1: Growth of Bacteria 2:Breakdown of Fats |
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What is the fluid between cells called? |
Interstitial fluid |
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What is common to all fats? |
They are insoluble in water |
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What creates the cell membranes in our bodies? |
Phospholipids |
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What are 2 types of digestion humans undergo? |
Chemical and Physical |
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What is the main goal for physical digestion? |
Increasing the surface area and mixing with liquids |
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What is the main goal of chemical digestion? |
To break the bonds between molecules enough to absorb into our blood |
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How long does the digestion process take in humans? |
24-33 hours |
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How long is the alimentary canal? |
8.35m |
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What type of digestion happens in the mouth? |
Physical and Chemical |
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What type of digestion do teeth and the tongue provide in the mouth? |
Physical |
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Where do you find chemical digestion in the mouth? |
Salivary glands |
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What covers the surface of your tongue? |
Papillae |
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Where are your taste buds? |
On papillae |
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Where are the sweet taste buds in our tongue |
The front |
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Where are the Sour taste buds in our tongue? |
The side |
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Where are the Bitter taste buds in our tongue |
The back |
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Where are the Salty taste buds on our tongue |
The middle |
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How many teeth do humans have? |
28-32 |
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Where does Saliva come from? |
Parotid, Sublingual and Submandibular |
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What are 3 functions for Saliva |
-Wetting food for Taste and Absorption -Creates a Bolus -Breaks down simple carbs with Salivary Amylase |
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What initiates the swallowing reflex? |
When the food is pushed against the soft palate |
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What prevents food from entering the lungs? |
Epiglottis |
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What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity? |
The Uvula |
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Does any digestion occur in the esophagus? |
No |
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How does food move down the Esophagus? |
Peristalsis |
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What do Enzymes require to function properly? |
Minerals or Vitamins |
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What is the stomach a site for? |
Temporary storage of food and initial protein digestion |
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What types of digestion occurs in the stomach |
Both physical and chemical |
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What Letter does the stomach look like |
J |
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What are the folds in the stomach called |
Rugae |
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What do the rugae allow the stomach to do |
Expand and contract |
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What happens when your stomach is empty? |
Your small intestine produces Ghrelin |
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What happens when your stomach is full? |
Leptin is produced by adipose tissue to tell your brain that you are full |
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What is churning? |
When your stomach is contracting to mechanically break down food |
