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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following statements is (are) true about basal metabolic rate?
a. reflects minimal physical activity b. decreases with increasing height c. requires about 1,800 calories per day for the average woman d. two of the above |
a. Reflects minimal physical activity |
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Which of the following statements is generally true about dietary fiber?
a. increases the glycemic index b. higher in vegetables than in meat c. provides approximately 4 calories/g in humans d. two of the above |
b. Higher in vegetables than in meat |
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Complex carbohydrates ___________.
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Include whole-grain foods |
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Legumes include ___________
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beans |
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My hips would expand most if I ate a pound of ___________.
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Cheese |
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Fat contains approximately ____ calories per gram.
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9 |
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Fat in the diet should not exceed _____% of the total calories.
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30% |
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Vegetarians should eat a complementary diet of grains and legumes because this combination providesall the _____________.
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Essential amino acids |
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If 10 grams of cookies contain no more than 3 grams of fat, they do not contain excessive fat. (T/F)
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False |
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In “MyPlate” recommendations, dairy products __________.
a. include cheese b. should be low-fat c. are touted as calcium-rich d. two of the above e. all of the above |
All the above |
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Carbohydrates that enter the blood quickly and markedly increase blood glucose:
a. have a high glycemic index b. have a high BMI c. strongly stimulate insulin secretion d. two of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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A(n) _______-shaped body probably contains a higher percentage of visceral fat. (apple/pear)
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Apple |
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The normal range for BMI is:
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18.5-24.9 |
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Basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreases with increasing:
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Age |
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Approximately _______ of U.S. adults are obese.
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One-third |
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The act of stuffing a twinkie in your mouth best defines ___________.
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Ingestion |
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The upper gastrointestinal tract includes the ______________.
a. mouth b. small intestine c. stomach d. two of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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The ________ increase the absorptive area of the lumen of the intestine.
a. microvilli b. villi c. submucosa d. two of the above e. all of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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Saliva contains the enzyme _________ that hydrolyzes starch
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Amylase |
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Humans have ___________ digestive systems, and birds have ___________ digestive systems.
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Complete/complete |
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In humans, the stomach produces a semifluid mass of partly digested food called ____________.
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Chyme |
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The parotid gland releases enzymes into the___________.
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Oral Cavity |
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The correct order of segments in the large intestine from nearer the beginning to nearer the end is______________.
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cecum→ascending colon→transverse colon
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The ________ sphincter regulates flow from the stomach to the duodenum.
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Pyloric |
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The two neural plexuses in the small intestine are found in the smooth muscle layers and the__________.
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Submucosa |
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HCl secreted by the stomach ______________.
a. activates pepsinogen b. stimulates gastrin secretion c. kills microorganisms d. two of the above e. all of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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Gastrin ____________.
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Stimulates secretion of pepsinogen |
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Secretin stimulates release of _________ from the _________.
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bicarbonate/pancreas |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec, the “purple” pill) inhibits the _________ pump in the ________ membrane ofstomach epithelial cells.
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Proton/luminal |
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Cholecystokinin stimulates release of ________ into the duodenum
a. pancreatic enzymes b. bile salts c. HCl d. two of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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__________ emulsify dietary fats into tiny droplets called __________.
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Bile salts/micelles |
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Lipases hydrolyze fats to produce _____________. a. fatty acids
b. dipeptides c. monoglycerides d. two of the above |
D. Two of the above |
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A person with a lactase deficiency has difficulty breaking the __________ lactose into glucose and_________.
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disaccharide/galactose
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Which of the following is NOT true about cows?
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epithelium lining omasum produces cellulases
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Wave of muscle contraction in the intestine that moves food along is known as ____________.
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Peristalis |
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Dietary recommendations generally suggest that most calories should come from ____________.
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Carbohydrates |
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The ____________ from McDonalds has the greatest percentage of fat (Big Mac/Large coke)
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Big Mac |
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A 5'3" woman weighing 150 pounds is __________
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Overweight |
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Candy has a high ___________, index because it is rapidly digested and substantially raises blood glucose
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Glycemic |
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The _________ body shape is associated with the highest percentage of visceral fat.
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Apple |
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For human adults, there are ___ (number) essential amino acids.
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8 |
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____________ is the breakdown of foodstuffs to simpler molecules that can be absorbed. |
Digestion |
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A(n) _____________ digestive system is one where material enters and leaves by way of the sameopening.
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Incomplete |
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The gallbladder releases bile into the ____________ (region of the intestine).
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Duodenum |
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Material in the sigmoid colon passes directly into the _________
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Rectum |
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Two nerve plexuses in the gut comprise the ___________ nervous system
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Enteric |
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A wave of muscle contraction that moves material through the intestine is known as __________
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Peristalsis |
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Entrance of food into the stomach is controlled by the ______________ sphincter.
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Lower Esophageal |
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The semifluid mass of partly digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum is known as_________.
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Chyme |
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The hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl is __________.
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Gastrin |
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An inactive proenzyme is called a _________.
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Zymogen |
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__________ is an active proteinase secreted by the stomach. |
Pepsin |
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__________ is a major stimulator of the secretion of stomach acid whose receptor is targeted by Zantacand other anti-acid drugs. |
Histamine |
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The hormone cholecystokinin primarily is released by the portion of the small intestine known as the_____________.
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Duodenum |
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______________ is an intestinal hormone primarily responsible for stimulating release of bicarbonate from thepancreas.
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Secretin |
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___________ emulsify fats in the intestine
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Bile Salts |
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In intestinal cells, triglycerides are packaged with cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins to make “fatballs” called __________________.
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Chylomicrons |
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Humans and intestinal bacteria form a ____________ relationship in which both benefit.
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Symbiotic |
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In cows, the reticulum and the ___________ contain cellulose-fermenting microorganisms.
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Rumen |
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The true stomach of a cow is the _____________.
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Abomasum |
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Calculate the total calories in a daily food intake that consists of 250 g of sugar, 100 g of fat and 150 gof protein.
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2500 Calories |
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White bread has a high glycemic index. Please explain what this means.
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The high glycemic index means that white bread is rapidly digested and that glucose from the breadquickly enters the blood. This results in high levels of glucose in the blood.
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Why is it important for vegetarians to eat a diet that includes both grains and legumes?
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Neither grains nor legumes alone provide adequate levels of the 8 essential amino acids. However,when combined, grains and legumes provide adequate amounts of all 8 essential amino acids.
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Explain the difference between ingestion and digestion.
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Ingestion is the consumption (eating, drinking) of a substance by an organism.
Digestion is the breakdown of foodstuffs to simpler molecules that can be absorbed. |
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How (signaling agents, exocrine glands, etc.) does chyme entering the intestine from the stomach lead toan increase in bicarbonate in the intestine?
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Chyme stimulates release of the hormone secretin which in turn stimulates the pancreas to secretebicarbonate into the duodenum.
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What is needed to convert large fat globules in the lumen of the intestine to fatty acids that can beabsorbed by intestinal cells?
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Bile salts convert large fat globules into small fat globules (micelles), and lipases cleave fatty acids fromthe triglycerides.
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Why does lactose ingestion cause bloating and gas in some individuals?
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Some individuals lack the enzyme lactase and are unable to break down lactose to galactose and glucosefor absorption. Lactose remains in the intestinal lumen and is acted on by bacteria to produce gas andbloating.
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How does a cow digest cellulose, and what is meant by the statement that a cow chews its cud?
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The rumen and reticulum in a cow contain microorganisms (bacteria) that break down cellulose. Thecontents of rumen and reticulum, called the cud, are periodically regurgitated for rechewing so that thebacteria can more effectively digest the cellulose.
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