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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What may alcoholics substitute with for desired effects?
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Barbs
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Alcoholics lake a supply of what?
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Glutathione
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What type of tolerance does alcohol display?
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Pharmacodynamic and cross
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What may you substitute to transfer the addiction in an alcoholic going through withdrawal?
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Diazepam
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What may you inject in an alcoholic to get them through withdrawal?
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Naltrexone
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What is the metabolite of alcohol that will cause nausea in an alcoholic?
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Disulfiram
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What is GHB linked to?
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Date-rape (similar feelings to alcohol)
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What were first used as "diet" pills?
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Amphetamines
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What type of drug is Amphetamine and methamphetamine?
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Stimulants
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What type of drug is cocaine?
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Stimulant/Local anesthetic
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What does cocaine do to the blood vessels?
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Vasoconstrict (self-limiting if you sniff)
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How does one get more cocaine into the circulation?
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Crystalized to crack and smoke it (not heat labile)
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What type of euphoria do you get from amphetamine or cocaine?
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flash, unlike any other
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What is the mechanism of cocaine?
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Blocks the reuptake of dopamine by blocking the dopamine transporter
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What is the mechanism of Amphetamine?
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Reverses the dopamine transporter through increasing cytoplasmic dopamine by blocking VMAT
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What type of tolerance do cocaine and amphetamines show?
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RAPID!
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What would withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine and cocaine present as?
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Sleeping for a long time, eating a lot, depression
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What drug may reduce cocaine use?
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Baclofen
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What drug may reduce drug-seeking behavior and relaspe with stimulant withdrawal?
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Aripiprazole (new anti-schizo drug)
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Where does tolerance occur with nicotine?
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Dizziness, nausea and vomiting
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What antidepressant is marketed to stop smoking?
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Buproprion (Zyban)
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What is the medicinal effect of marijuana?
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Inhibits GABA and disinhibits dopaminergic neurons
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What area of the brain does marijuana inhibit?
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Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
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What is the ED50 for LSD?
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10 micrograms (Hard to measure...) A little goes a LONG way!
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What is Phencyclidinie (PCP) good for?
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Vet medicine
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What type of drug is PCP?
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Hallucinogen
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What type of drug is LCD?
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Hallucinogen
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What type of drug is ketamine?
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Hallucinogen
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What is the unique thing about hallucinations in LSD, PCP and ketamine?
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Visual rather than auditory hallucinations
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What drug would give you significant flash-backs?
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LSD
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What drugs cause an altered reality?
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Hallucinogens
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What is the best way to treat someone on LCD?
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Quiet room, no stimuli. No antagonist available.
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What is the final common pathway?
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Dopaminergic (mesocorticolimbic) final common pathway to the nucleus accumbens
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What is the significance of most drug addictions starting in the teenage/young adult years?
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Earlier they start, the more difficult the resolution and the frontal cortex is supposed to develop at that time
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What does Baclofen do for drug addiction?
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Reduces the activity of the GO system (cognitive part) and allows the STOP system (moral part of the frontal cortex) to have more influence
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Opiods and cannabinoids are what to dopamine neurons?
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Agonists
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With continued drug exposure, the cellular response is progressively <
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Pharmacodynamic tolerance
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Drug concentration at the receptor is < becuase of enhanced metabolism
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Metabolic tolerance
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How do you stop withdrawal?
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Give more of the drug!
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Tendency to relapse
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Recidivism
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Inability to feel pleasure
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Anhedonia
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How do opiates work?
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Disinhinition of dopaminergic neuron by derpressing GABA
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What drug is the person not a risk to society WHILE under the influence?
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Heroin or other opiates
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What type of drug is heroin?
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opiate
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What do opiates show tolerance to?
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euphoria, sedation, analgesia, respiratory depression
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What do opiates NOT show tolerance to?
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Constipation
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What drug combo may you give to reduce the craving of a drug?
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Buprenorphine and naloxone
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What do depressants show little tolerance to?
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Respiratory depression leading to accidental OD
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Withdrawal symptoms from depressants may present with what?
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seizures (give lorazepam)
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