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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Inductive Research |
This research begins at the real world, practical level. It tends to be more descriptive, correlational, or historical and leads to the building of theory. |
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Deductive Research |
This research springs from a theory which is already establishing. This research tries to determine what the relationships are between elements of the theory and may be experimental in nature. |
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Survey |
Quantitative, non-experimental. May occur thru questionnaires, interview, etc. and is use to measure attitudes, perceptions, etc. Often the response rate of survey research is low, below 50%. Unless you know that the characteristics of the non-respondents are similar to the respondents, you must be cautious in generalizing. |
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Descriptive research |
Quantitative, non-experimental. Simply describes an existing state of events. Numbers may be used to characterize groups or individuals. |
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Comparative research |
Quantitative, non-experimental. Investigates whether there are differences between two or more groups. There is no manipulation of conditions experience by each group. |
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Correlational research |
Quantitative, non-experimental. Uses the correlation coefficient to determine the degree of relationship between two or more variables or phenomena. |
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Ex Post Facto (Causal Comparative) |
Quantitative, non-experimental. Studies possible causal relationships among variables after the fact (ex post facto). You do not manipulate any of the variables; the focus is on what has already happened. You may generate several reasons (causes) for the relationships you discover. (Typical stats used in ex post facto is the t-test and the ANOVA) |
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True experiment |
Quantitative, Experimental. Characterized by the use of experimental and control groups with random assignment to each; use to determine cause-and-effect relationships. |
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Experimental design variations |
txt and control with posttest only txt and control with pre and post test two different txt groups with control group and posttest, etc. |
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Quasi-experiment |
Quantitative, Experimental. Similar to experimental research except that randomization of subjects to treatment and control groups is not possible. |
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Qualitative research |
Emphasizes gathering data about naturally occurring phenomena (individual's and group' living experiences) and events. |
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Case Study |
Qualitative, Interactive. The case may be a program, activity, or a set of individuals who are bounded in time and place. |
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Ethnography |
Qualitative, Interactive. A description and interpretation of a cultural or social group or system. Data is typically collected through observation and interviewing. The issue of observer bias is important. |
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Analytical research |
Qualitative, non-interactive. Conducted primarily through document analysis. May be historical, biographical, or legal analysis. |
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Mixed-method research design |
These designs combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the same research effort. Typically, these designs are used sequentially. |