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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infant Reflexes: Rooting
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Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 3 months Stimulus: Stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip Response: Movement of the tongue, mouth, and/or head to the stimulus Relevance: Allows searching for and locating feeding source. |
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Infant Reflexes: Suck-swallow
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Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 2-5 months Stimulus: Place examiner's index finger inside infant's mouth with head in mid-line. Response: Strong, rhythmical sucking Relevance: Allows ingestion of nourishment |
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Infant Reflexes: Traction
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Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 2-5 months Stimulus: Grasp infants forearms and pull to sit Response: Complete flexion of upper extremities Relevance: Enhances momentary reflexive grasp |
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Infant Reflexes: Moro
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Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months Stimulus: Rapidly drop infant's head backward Response: 1st phase- arm extension, abduction, hand opening. 2nd phase- arm flexion, adduction Relevance: facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response. |
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Infant Reflex: Plantar Grasp
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Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 9 months Stimulus: Apply pressure with thumb on the infant's ball of the foot Response: Toe flexion Relevance: Increases tactile input to sole of foot |
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Infant Reflex: Galant
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Onset: 32 weeks gestation
Integration: 2 months Stimulus: Hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spine with finger, from shoulder to buttocks. Response: Lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side Relevance: Facilitates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization |
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Infant Reflex: Asymmetric Tonic Neck
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Onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months Stimulus: fully rotate infant's head and hold for 5 seconds Response:Extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side. Relevance: Promotes visual hand regard |
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Infant Reflexes: Palmar Grasp
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Onset: 37 weeks gestation
Integration: 4-6 months Stimulus: Place examiner's finger in infant's palm Response: finger flexion; reflexive grasp Relevance: Increases tactile input on palm of hand |
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Infant Reflexes: Tonic Labyrinthine-Supine
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Onset: >37 weeks gestation
Integration: 6 months Stimulus: Place infant in supine Response: Increased extensor tone Relevance: Facilitates total body extensor tone |
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Infant Reflexes: Tonic Labyrinthine- Prone
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Onset: >37 weeks gestation
Integration: 6 months Stimulus: Place infant in prone Response: Increased flexor tone Relevance: Facilitates total body flexor tone |
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Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting
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Onset: Birth to 2 months
Integration: persists Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward. Response: Upright positioning of the head Relevance: Orients head in space; maintains face vertical |
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Infant Reflex: Landau
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Onset: 3-4 months
Integration: 12-24 months Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone suspension Response: Complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities Relevance: Breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension |
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Infant Reflex: Symmetric tonic neck
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Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 8-12 months Stimulus: Place infant in crawling position and extend the head Response: flexion of hips and knees Relevance: Breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quaduped position |
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Infant Reflex: Neck Righting (NOB)
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Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years Stimulus: Place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side Response: Log rolling of entire body to maintain alignment with the head Relevance: Maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort) |
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Infant Reflex: Body righting (on body) (BOB)
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Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 5 years Stimulus: Place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold it briefly Response: Segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment Relevance: Facilitates trunk/spinal rotation |
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Infant Reflex:Downward Parachute (protective extension downward)
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Onset: 4 months
Integration: Persists Stimulus: Rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while vertically suspended. Response: Extension of the lower extremities Relevance: Allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface |
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Gross Motor Skills
Prone Position 0-2 months |
- Turns head side to side
- Lifts head momentarily - Bends hips with bottom in air - Lifts head and sustains in midline - Rotates head freely when up - Able to bear weight on forearms - Able to tuck chin and gaze at hands in forearm prop - Attempts to shift weight on forearms, resulting in shoulder collapse |
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Gross Motor Skills
Prone Position 5-6 months |
- Shifts weight on forearms and reaches forward
- Bears weight and shifts weight on extended arms - Legs are closer together and thighs roll inward toward natural alignment - Hips are flat on surface - Equilibrium reactions are present |
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Gross Motor Skills
Prone Position 5-8 months |
- Airplane posturing in prone position; chest and thighs lift off of surface
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Gross Motor Skills
Prone Position 7-8 months |
- Pivots in prone position
- Moves to prone position to sit |
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Gross Motor Skills
Prone Position 9 months |
Begins to dislike prone position
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Gross Motor Skills
Supine Position 0-3 months |
- Head held to one side
- Able to turn head side to side |
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Gross Motor Skills
Supine Position 3-4 months |
- Holds head in midline
- Chin is tucked and neck lengthens in back - Legs come together - Lower back flattens against floor |
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Gross Motor Skills
Supine Position 4-5 months |
- Head lag is gone when pulled to a sitting position
- Hands are together in space |
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Gross Motor Skills
Supine Position 5-6 months |
- Lifts head independently
- Brings feet to mouth - Brings hand to feet - Able to reach for toy with one or both hands - Hands are predominantly open |
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Gross Motor Skills
Supine Position 7-8 months |
- Equilibrium reactions are present
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Gross Motor Skill
Rolling 3-4 Months |
Rolls from prone position to side accidentally because of poor control of weight shift
- Rolls from supine position to side |
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Gross Motor Skill
Rolling 5-6 Months |
- Rolls from prone to supine position
- Rolls from supine position to side with right and left leg performing independent movements - Rolls from supine to prone position with right and left leg performing independent movements |
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Gross Motor Skill
Rolling 6-14 Months |
- Rolls segmentally with roll initiated by the head, shoulder, or hips
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Gross Motor Skill
Creeping 7 Months |
- Crawls forward on belly
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Gross Motor Skill
Creeping 7-10 Months |
-Reciprocal creep
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Gross Motor Skill
Creeping 10-11 Months |
- Creeps on hands and feet
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Gross Motor Skill
Creeping 11-12 Months |
- Creeps well
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 0-3 Months (held in sitting) |
- Head bobs in sitting
- Back is rounded - Hips are apart, turned out, bent - Head is steady Chin tucks; able to gaze at floor - Sits with less support - Hips are bent and shoulders are in front of hips |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 5-6 months (supports self in sitting) |
- Sits alone momentarily
- Increased extension in back - Sits by propping forward on arms - Wide base, legs are bent - Periodic use of "high guard" position - Protective responses present when falling to the front |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 5-10 months (sits alone) |
- Sits alone steadily, initially with wide base of support
- Able to play with toys in a sitting position. |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 6-11 Months |
- Gets to sitting position from prone
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 7-8 Months |
- Equilibrium reactions are present
- - Able to rotate upper body while lower body remains stationary - Protective responses are present when falling to the side |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 8-10 Months |
- Sits well with support
- Legs are closer; full upright position, knees straight - Increased variety of positions, including "W" sit and side sit - Difficult fine motor tasks may prompt return to wide base of support |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 9-18 Months |
- Rises from supine position by first rolling over to stomach, then pushing up into four-point position
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 10-12 Months |
- Protective extension backwards, first with bent elbows then with straight elbows
- Able to move in and out of sitting position to other positions |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 11-12 Months |
- Trunk control and equilibrium responses are fully developed in sitting position
- Further increase in variety of positions possible |
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Gross Motor Skill
Sitting 11-24 Months |
- Rises from supine by first rolling to side then pushing up into sitting position.
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 0-3 Months |
- When held in standing position, takes some weight on legs
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 2-3 Months |
- When held in standing position, legs may give way
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 3-4 Months |
- Bears some weight on legs
- Head is up in midline, no chin tuck - Pelvis and hips are behind shoulders - Legs are apart and turned outward |
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 5-10 Months |
- Stands while holding onto furniture
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 5-6 Months |
- Increased capability to bear weight
- Decreased support needed; may be held by arms or hands - Legs are still spread apart and turned outward - Bounces in standing position |
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 6-12 Months |
- Pulls to standing position at furniture
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 8-9 Months |
- Rotates the trunk over the lower extremities
- Lower extremities are more active in pulling to a standing position - Pulls to a standing position by kneeling, then half kneeling |
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 9-13 Months |
- Pulls to standing position with legs only, no longer needs arms
- Stands alone momentarily |
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Gross Motor Skill
Standing 12 Months |
- Equilibrium reactions are present in standing
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 8 Months |
Cruises Sideways
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 8-18 Months |
Walks with two hands held
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 9-10 Months |
Cruises around furniture, turning slightly in intended direction
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 9-17 Months |
Takes independent steps, falls easily
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 10-14 Months |
Walking: stoops and recovers in play
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Gross motor skill
Walking 11 Months |
- Walks with one hand held
- Reaches for furniture out of reach when cruising - Cruises in either direction, no hesitation |
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 15 Months |
Able to start and stop in walking
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Gross Motor Skill
Walking 18 Months |
- Seldom Falls
- Runs stiffly with eyes on ground |
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Gross Motor Skill
Jumping & Hopping 2yr 2.5+ year 3 yr |
2 Year: Jumps down from step
2.5+ Year: Hops on one foot, few steps 3 Year: Jumps off floor with both feet |
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Gross Motor Skill
Jumping & Hopping 3-5 year 3.5-5 year 3-4 year 5 year 5-6 year |
3-5 Year: Jumps over objects
3.5-5 Year: Hops on one foot 3-4 Year: Gallops, leading with one foot and transferring weight smoothly and evenly 5 Year: Hops in a straight line 5-6 Year: Skips on alternating feet, maintaining balance |
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Gross Motor Skill
Stair Climbing 15mo 18-24 mo 18-23 mo 2-2.5 year |
15 Months: Creeps up stairs
18-24 Months: Walks up stairs while holding on; walks down stairs while holding on 18-23 Months: Creeps backward down stairs 2-2.5+ Years: Walks up stairs without support, marking time; walks down stairs without support, marking time |
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Gross Motor Skill
Stair Climbing 2-2.5-3 year 3-3.5 year |
2-2.5-3 Years: Walks up stairs, alternating feet
3-3.5 Years: Walks down stairs, alternating feet |
