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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three main systems are related to movement? Page 82
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Page 82: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and the muscular system
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What is biomechanics? Page 83
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Page 83: the science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the body as well as the effects of the forces
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What is superior? Page 83
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Page 83: located above the point of reference for example the femur is superior to the tibia
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What does inferior mean in relation to location on the body? Page 83
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Page 83: positioned below the point of reference . For example the heel is located inferior to the knee.
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What does proximal mean? Page 83
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Page 83: position closest to the center of the body or point of reference. For example the lumbar spine or lower back is more proximal to the tailbone or sacrum than the sternum or breast bone.
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What is distal? Page 83
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Page 83: positioned farther away from the center of the body or point of reference
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What is anterior or ventral? Page 83
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Page 83: on the front of the body
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What is posterior or dorsal? Page 84
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Page 84: located towards the back of the body
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What is medial? Page 84
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Page 84: positioned near the middle of the body going vertically. For example the sternum is more medial than the shoulder.
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What is lateral? Page 84
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Page 84: position towards the outside of the body. for example the ears are on the lateral side of the head
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What is contralateral? Page 84
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Page 84: positioned on the opposite side of the body
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What is ipsilateral? Page 84
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Page 84: positioned on the same side of the body
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How does the frontal plane divide the body? Page 85
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Page 85: from head to foot cutting the body from the front half to the back half
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How does the sagittal plane split the body? Page 85
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Page 85: from head to foot cutting the body from the left side to the right side
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How does the transverse plane split the body? Page 85
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Page 85: across the mid section separating the top and bottom
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What is flexion? Page 85
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Page 85: a bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
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What is an extension? Page 87
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Page 87: a straightening movement which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
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What is hyper extension? Page 87
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Page 87: extending a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
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What is abduction? Page 87
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Page 87: a movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
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What is adduction? Page 87
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Page 87: movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
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What is internal rotation? Page 87
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Page 87: rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body
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What is external rotation? Page 87
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Page 87: rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body
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What is scapular retraction? Page 88
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Page 88: adduction of the scapula where the shoulder blades move toward the midline
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What is scapular protraction? Page 88
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Page 88: abduction of the scapula where in the shoulder blades move away from the midline
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What is scapular depression? Page 88
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Page 88: the downward motion of the scapular or shoulders moving down
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What is scapular elevation? Page 88
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Page 88: the upward or superior motion of the scapula and essence moving the shoulders up
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What is eccentric muscle action? Page 90
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Page 90: when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
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What is isometric muscle action? Page 92
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Page 92: when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it in essence stabilization
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What is isokinetic muscle action? Page 92
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Page 92: when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion
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Describe concentric isometric and eccentric motion and relation to bicep curls. Page 93
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Page 93: when the client curls the weight toward the body it is concentric motion. While the client holds the weights close to the body, it is isometric motion. When the client lowers the weights toward the floor it is eccentric motion.
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Describe eccentric, isometric, and concentric motion in relation to squats. Page 93
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Page 93: when the client squats toward the floor it is eccentric motion because the force going down is helping the client go toward the floor. When the client holds the squat , it is isometric because they are stable and there is no visible change in muscle length. When the client pushes up, the squat is now in concentric motion because the body is exerting more force than the resistive force.
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What is force? Page 94
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Page 94: the interaction between two entities of body resulting and acceleration or deceleration of an object
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What is length - tension relationship? Page 94
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Page 94: the resting length of a muscle and the tension in the muscle can produce at this resting length
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What is the force - velocity curve? Page 94
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Page 94: the relationship of the muscles ability to produce tension at different shortening velocities
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What is force-couple relationships ? Page 95
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Page 95: muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
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What is joint movement caused by? Page 96
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Page 96: muscles pulling on bones because muscles can not actively push
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What is motor behavior? Page 99
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Page 99: a response to internal and external stimuli
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What is motor control? Page 99
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Page 99: how the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
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What is motor learning? Page 99
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Page 99: the integration of motor control processes through practice and experience leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
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What is motor development? Page 99
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Page 99 the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan
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What are muscle synergies? Page 100
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Page 100: groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
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What is sensorimotor integration? Page 100
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Page 100: the cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement
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What is feedback? Page 102
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Page 102: the use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human but movement system in motor learning
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