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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Therapeutic Classification |
describes what condition is being treated by the drug; often identified with the prefix "anti" ex: anti-seizure, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory |
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Pharmacological Classification |
describes drug mechanism of action more specific based on understanding of biochemistry and physiology Ex: calcium channel blocker (blocks heartcalcium channels) norepinepherine |
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First pass effect |
drug becomes completely metabolized to an active form on their first trip to the liver |
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pharmacotherapy |
Medical treatment using drugs |
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pharmacokinetics |
movement of drugs throughout the body |
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pharmacodynamics |
what the drugs do to your body, mean of action |
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generic name |
assigned by the US Adopted Name Council |
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Trade Name |
brand name |
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therapeutic dose |
amount of drug needed to reach therapeutic effect |
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what does half life mean? |
how long it takes for 1/2 the drug to be metabolized
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potency |
the more potent the medication, the less drug you will need for it to have a therapeutic effect on the patient |
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what is additive effect |
2 drugs from a similar therapeutic drug class, when combined, produce a greater response 1+1=2 |
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synergistic effect |
two drugs produce an effect that is much greater than expected from simply adding two individual drugs 1+1 = 3 |
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antagonist effect |
adding a second drug creates diminished response 1+1 = 0 |
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tolerance |
the need for more medication in order for a therapeutic effect to happen |
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dependence |
need to have the drug or withdrawal symptoms occur |
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teratogens |
drug that causes birth defects ex: alcohol, smoking |
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What effect does grapefruit juice have on some medications? |
increases absorption (reduces metabolism); as drugs are absorbed they are not activated and higher amounts reach circulation |
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Pregnancy Categories |
A: No increase risk to fetus. Safe! Ex. prenatel vitamins B: No increase risk to fetus C: Shows some adverse effects, still okay D: Risk to fetus, benefits must outweigh risks X: NEVER ever give this medication to a pregnant woman |
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Scheduled Drugs |
Schedule I: high abuse potential; no acceptable medical use Schedule II: used therapeutically w/ prescription, no refills ex: morphine Schedule III: used therapeutically w/ prescription 5 refills in 6 mo. Schedule IV: low potential for abuse, no prescription needed, OTC drugs |
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10 rights of medication administration |
1. Time 7. Patient 2. Route 8. Documentation 3. Assessment 9. Teaching 4. Dose 10. Medication 5. Evaluation 6. Refusal |
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What organ is involved with ABSORPTION? |
small intestine |
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What organ is involved with DISTRIBUTION? |
blood? movement of pharmacological agents throughout the body after they are absorbed |
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What organ is involved with METABOLISM? |
liver |
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What organ is involved with EXCRETION? |
kidney |
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The FDA is responsible for regulating drugs and herbal medicine. True or False? |
False. They do not regulate herbal medicine or supplements. |
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What is a pro-drug? |
It has to go through the liver in order to produce its effect. |
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What is idiosyncratic response? |
Not a common side effect of the drug. EX: drug usually causes constipation, but for someone it caused diarrhea |
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What is bioavailability? |
The rate and extent to which the active ingredient is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of drug action to produce its effect. |
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What is a combination drug? |
A drug with more than 1 active ingredient
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Prototype drug? |
A single drug selected from a class and compared to all other medications in the class. Can predict adverse effects. |
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How are pharmacologic drugs classified? |
based on the drug mechanisms of action |
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How are therapeutic drugs classified? |
on their usefulness in treating a disease (what disease is being treated) |
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To basic drug classifications |
pharmacological & therapeutic |
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What are endorphins? |
natural pain killers |
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What is the gate control theory? |
A mechanism where the faster alpha and beta fibers reach the gate first and close it before C fibers can reach it |
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What is a drug interaction? |
Occurs when a substance increases or decreased drug action. |
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What is addiction? |
An overwhelming compulsion that drives someone to repeat drug-taking behavior, despite serious health and social consequences. |
