Pharmacology Unit 1 Review

Front 1

Therapeutic action

Back 1

What they do for a patient. i.e. analgesics relieve pain

Front 2

Physiologic action

Back 2

What they do in the body. Histamine receptor antagonists block histamine production

Front 3

Affected body system

Back 3

What they affect. Cardiovascular agents affect the heart and circulatory system

Front 4

Chemical type

Back 4

What they are. i.e. barbiturates are a class of chemical compound derived from barbituric acid

Front 5

What must be included on a prescription?

Back 5

Date, name of patient, name of drug, disage, route of administration, and frequency or time if administration and prescriber's signature.

Front 6

In Pharmacodynamics, what is an agonist?

Back 6

Agonists are drugs that bind to, or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and CAUSE a particular response.

Front 7

In Pharmacodynamics, what is an antagonist?

Back 7

Antagonists are drugs that bind to the receptor and PREVENT a response. Also known as receptor blockers.

Front 8

Define: Side Effect

Back 8

A side effect is a predictable but unintended effect of a drug. They are rarely serious, but usually unavoidable. i.e. drowsiness

Front 9

Define : Adverse Effects

Back 9

Undesired, potentially harmful side effects of drugs. i.e. nausea and vomiting, drug toxicity, hyper sensitivity, and idiosyncratis (unusual) reactions.

Front 10

What is the time between onset and disappearance of drug effects called?

Back 10

Duration

Front 11

What are 3 major categories of medication administration routes?

Back 11

Enteral, topical, and parenteral.

Front 12

Enteral medication is taken primarily by _____

Back 12

Mouth

Front 13

Topical medications are intended for application to the ____ or a _____________________

Back 13

Skin, mucous membrane-lined cavity

Front 14

Abbreviation: bid

Back 14

Twice a day

Front 15

Abbreviation: stat

Back 15

Immediately

Front 16

Abbreviation: tid

Back 16

Three times a day

Front 17

Abbreviation: h,hr

Back 17

Hour

Front 18

Abbreviation: qid

Back 18

four times a day

Front 19

Abbreviation: q

Back 19

every

Front 20

Abbreviation: q2h

Back 20

every 2 hours

Front 21

Abbreviation: qh

Back 21

every hour

Front 22

What are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics?

Back 22

Absorption

Distribution

Biotransformation

Excretion

Front 23

Define: Absorption

Back 23

The process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.

Front 24

Define: distribution

Back 24

The process of drug molecules diffusing out of the blood stream to the site of action.

Front 25

The chemical composition of a drug is change by a process called metabolism or _____________

Back 25

biotransformation

Front 26

Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the process called ___________

Back 26

Excretion

Front 27

What 3 things did the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) do?

Back 27

Required all drugs marketed in the US to meet minimal standards of uniform strength, purity, and quality.

Required that preparations containing morphine be labeled.

Established 2 references of officially approved drugs: United State Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF)

Front 28

What act established the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?

Back 28

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Front 29

What act established the US Food and Drug Administration?

Back 29

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 1938; amended in 1952 and 1965)

Front 30

Drugs with very limited potential for dependence. Medically accepted for use. Many are OTC medications.

Back 30

C-V

Front 31

What are C-I drugs?

Back 31

Drugs with high abuse potential and severe physical and psychologic dependence. No medicinal use, research only.

Front 32

Give an example of C-I drugs.

Back 32

Heroin, LSD, PCP, marijuana

Front 33

Anabolic steroids are in which schedule of controlled substances?

Back 33

C-III

Front 34

Define C-II controlled substances.

Back 34

High potential for drug abuse. Accepted medical use, but can lead to physical and psychological dependency. Specific restrictions.

Front 35

This class of controlled substances have a potential for dependency. Medically accepted for use. Limited psychologic and physical dependence.

Back 35

C-IV

Front 36

What are the 5 "RIGHTS" of medication administration?

Back 36

Right Drug

Right Dose

Right Route

Right Patient

Right Time

Front 37

What information is contained on a medication label?

Back 37

Name

Strength

Amount

Expiration Date

Administration route

Manufacturer

Storage directions

Warnings or precautions

Lot number

Schedule

Front 38

What supplies are used in surgery?

Back 38

Syringes, hypodermic needles, pitchers, basins, med cups, and petri dishes.

Front 39

When should you label your medications that have been delivered to the sterile field?

Back 39

Immediately after accepting them from the circulator.

Front 40

What information needs to be on the label on your back table medications?

Back 40

Name of medication & strength

Front 41

Describe the steps of medication identification.

Back 41

Read the label when obtaining the drug.

Check integrity of the container.

Circulator reads label to STSR.

Circulator shows label to STSR.

STSR repeats the information.

Medication is delivered to the field by circulator.

Medication is labeled.

Front 42

When passing meds to the surgeon you should _________.

Back 42

Say the name of the medication.

Front 43

Who selects the generic name of a medication?

Back 43

USP/NF

Front 44

What are pharmacogenomics?

Back 44

Pharmacogenomics refers to the general study of ALL genes that determine medication behavior.

Front 45

What are pharmacogenetics?

Back 45

Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic factors in predicting a medications action and how it could vary from its intended response.

Front 46

What are disadvantages of pharmacogenomics?

Back 46

Complex science

High cost

Training professionals for this field is a challenge.

Front 47

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

Back 47

Drug effectiveness

Animal Testing

Approval to market based on tests

Front 48

Bolus

Back 48

A dose of medication given rapidly intravenously

Front 49

What is an example of a natural plant and natural mineral source?

Back 49

Plant

belladonna plant (Atropine)

foxglove (Digitalis)

opium poppy (Morphine)

Mineral

silver salts (Silvadine cream used for burns)

calcium (TUMS)

magnesium (Mylanta)

Front 50

Give an example of a therapeutic action.

Back 50

Anti-inflammatory

Analgesic

Thrombolytic

Antipyretic

Front 51

A vasoconstrictor is an example of what type of action?

Back 51

Physiologic Action

Front 52

What is a solution?

Back 52

chemical dissolved in liquid.

Front 53

What is a suspension?

Back 53

Chemical undissolved in liquid.