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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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Unique and stable behavior
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Personality Trait
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A pattern of perceiving things, relating to things, and thinking about the environment and oneself.
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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-Sigmund Freud
-Humans are driven by two things: Sex and aggression. |
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Structure of Personality
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ID
-Immediate gratification -Pleasure principle -unconscious Ego -Reality principle Superego -Represents the conscience -Morality |
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Psychosexual Stages
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1) Oral (0-1)
2) Anal (2-3) 3) Phallic (4-3) 4) Latency (6-12) 5) Genital (13-adult) If you get stuck in one of these stages, you become fixated. |
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Oral stage
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(0-1)
Oral activities (Feeding, thumb sucking) If become fixated, you smoke, drink, and are sarcastic. |
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Anal Stage
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(2-3)
Bowel and bladder control. If you are treated harshly and become fixated, you are very stingy and clean. If treat too easily you become disorganized and impulsive. |
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Phallic Stage
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(4-5)
Becomes aware of sexuality (masturbation) Oedipus and electra complex. Oedipus: Sexually desire their mothers, and jealous of fathers, wants to kill them. Electra: Develop penis envy, and gravitate towards father. Women who become fixated embarrass, lie, and humiliate men. If either become fixated, they will have trouble maintaining a stable relationship. |
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Latency
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(6-12)
Development continues Sexual urges quiet |
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Genital Stages
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(13-adult)
Maturity |
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Repression
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Push a memory or urge into unconscious
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Rationalization
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You make a mistake reasonable
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Regression
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Revert to an immature pattern of behavior
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Displacement
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You switch an impulse from the original target to a less threatening one.
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Projection
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Take your own unacceptable impulse and say somebody else has it.
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Sublimation
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Take your own unacceptable impulse and convert it to a socially acceptable one.
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Neo-Freudians
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Liked everything except sexual stages
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Humanistic Theory
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-Carl Rogers
Self-Concept - Thoughts about self Conditions of worth- Evaluation of people Conditional positive regard- You will only be liked, if you behave a certain way. Unconditional positive regard. |
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HT
Self-concept |
-Carl Rogers
Thoughts about self |
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HT
Conditions of worth |
-Carl Rogers
Evaluation of people |
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HT
Conditional positive regard |
-Carl Rogers
You will only be liked, if you behave a certain way |
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HT
Unconditional positive regard |
-Carl Rogers
I will love you regardless of what you do. |
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Trait Theories
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The Big Five (OCEAN)
O-Openness to experience (Artistic, creative) C- Conscientious (Reliable) E- Extraversion (Talkative) A- Agreeableness (Trustworthy, cooperative, sympathetic, not suspicious. N- Neuroticism (Emotionally unstable, impulsive) |
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Social Cognitive Theory
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Observational learning.
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Attribution
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Causes of behavior
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Internal
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What causes their behavior is something about them
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External
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Cause of their behavior is due to something outside of them.
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Fundamental attribution error
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Underestimate a situation, like to believe in a just world.
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Self serving bias
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Positive outcomes due to internal traits. Negative outcomes due to external factors.
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
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-Unpleasant feelings due to inconsistent attitudes and behavior.
Response to dissonance -Justification |
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Prejudice
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Negative attitudes toward members of a social group
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Stereotype
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Belief that members of specific social groups share certain characteristics
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Social categorization
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Us vs. them
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Conformity
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People give into social pressure, just because.
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Compliance
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Act in accord with social pressure. Get a reward, and avoid punishment,
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Obedience
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Comply to an explicit command.
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Unanimity
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If its unanimous your more likely to conform.
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Status
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People lower conform.
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Judgments
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Doubt your own judgements, you conform.
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The foot in the door technique
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Small request followed by a larger one
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The door in the face
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Large request followed by a smaller one
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Etiology
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Term for the cause of the disorder.
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Ancient times
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Etiology: Spirits, demons.
Treatments: Trephination. Cuts a hole in your skull to let demon out. Exorcism- makes body uninhabitable |
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Greek and Roman reign
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Etiology- Hysteria (mainly women "wondering uterus")
Treatment- blood letting |
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Middle Ages
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Etiology- demons
Treatment- excersims |
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Renaissance
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Johan wayer founder of modern psychopathology
treatment- asylums Hydrotherapy, drums, chains, straight jacket, Dorthea Dix Lobotomy- scramble your frontal lobe |
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Who can do therapy and diagnosis?
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Psychologists
Licensed clinical social workers marraige and family therapists counsilers psychiatrists |
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Axis 1
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Clinical disorders. All disorders except for two, believed that these are treatable
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Axis 2
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Personality disorders
mental retardation not treatable |
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Axis 3
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Medical conditions
effects diagnosis |
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Axis 4
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Psychosocial
Environmental Something going on other than depression (divorce) |
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Axis 5
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Global assessment of functioning (0-100)
The higher the number, the better you are. |
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Unipolar despression
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Major depressive disorder
-Depressed mood, energy loss, etc. Dystheymia - Chronic mild depression Double depression -Major+Dysthymia |
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Bipolar
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Depression + mania.
Causes: genetics. |
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Panic Attack
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Intense fear and discomfort, peaks in 10 minutes.
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Agoraphobia
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fear of not being able to escape something
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Panic disorder
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Panic disorder with agoraphobia, and panic disorder without.
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Phobias
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excessive and unreasonable fears
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Specific Phobia
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fear of a specific object
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Social phobia
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fear of social performance
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Obesessions
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Mental- thoughts, impulses, images
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Compulsions
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Physical acts- repetitive behaviors.
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Somatoform disorders
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physical symptoms, not faking, but no cause to their symptoms. In your head
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Hypochondriasis
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fear of disease, doctor shoppers.
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Conversion disorder
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Impaired motor/sensory function
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Factitions
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Intentional fake. play sick role. no external incentaives
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Mulingering
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Intentional fake
Want external incentives |
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Dissociative disorders
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Identity, memory, percpotion, consiousness.
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Amnesia
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Cant remember who you are
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Fugue
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cant remember past
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Dissociative identity disorder
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Identities take control of persons behavior
Cannot recall when other person takes over |
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Schizophrenia
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Perceptual disturbance
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Hallucinations
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Presence of something that doesnt exist
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Dellusions
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Beliefs that are not true
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Neologism
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Language or thought disturbance
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Types of schizo
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Paranoid
Disorganized Catatonic Undifferentiated Residual |
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Etiology of schizo
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• Genetics
• Brain abnormalities: enlarged ventricle • Frontal cortex has less activity • Neurotransmitters • Dopamine • Family interactions -Expressed emotion: more hostile, and more conflicting messages. • Stress • -Diathesis stress model: biological predisposition, but you need the environment to bring it out. |
