Muchinsky: Organizational Psychology Final 9Th Ed.

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I/O Psychology

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area of scientific study and professional practice that addresses psychological concepts in the work world. Concerned with behavior in work situations and the application of knowledge to solve problems in the work world.

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Distributive Justice

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fairness of outcomes, results or ends achieved. Includes: Equity, Equality and Need.

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Interactional Justice

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fairness in how people are treated in an org. and the timeliness, completeness and accuracy of info recieved.

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Procedural Justice

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fairness of the means used to achieve results. Role of the individual's voice in the process.

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Organizational Citizenship Behavior

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contributions an employee makes to his job that go beyond normal job duties. Include: altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, civic virtue

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Work Commitment

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employee's sense of allegiance and loyalty to work. Emotional attachment and feeling of obligation to stay.

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Job Involvement

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sense of identification with job. Importance to self image.

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Job Satisfaction

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degree of pleasure an employee derives from his/her job. Measured by actual outcome vs. expected outcome

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Tactical Team

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team created for executing a well defined plan. High task clarity.

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Creative Team

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team that develops innovative possibilites or solutions. High autonomy.

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Problem Resolution Team

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team focused on solving an on-going issue. Must have trurthful and high integrity interactions.

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Ad Hoc Teams

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team created for a short amount of time to address a certain issue. Selected from existing employees and disbaneded after it is solved.

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Groupthink

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Feel threatened by external forces, which causes deterioration of cognitive processing of info.

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Prochaska/Diclemnte 5 Stage Model of Change

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1) Precontemplation 2) Contemplation 3)Preparation 4)Action 5)Maintanence

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Operating Core

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perform basic work duties that give the org. a defining purpose; transforms raw goods into products.

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Strategic Apex

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Executive leaders responsible for overall success.

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Middle Line

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authority for ensuring overall goals set by stat. apex are carried out by operating core.

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Technostructure

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possess specifi technical expertise that facilitates overall operation

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Acquisition

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process where one organization acquires the resources of a 2nd. Not mutual.

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Mergers

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mutual acquiring of another companys resources that is beneficial to both parties and enhances quality.

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Offshoring

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process of eliminating jobs by having work functions performed in cheaper labor markets overseas.

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Outsourcing

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process of eliminating jobs by having work functions contracted to other orgs. occurs in technostructure.

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Downsizing

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process by which an org. reduces number of employees to achieve greater efficiency. Targets middle line, technostruture and support staff.

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Classical Theory

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Focuses on people, competition toward a goal and the need for authority.

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Neoclassical Theory

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division of labor depersonalizes activites so employees find little meaning in job. Sense of alienation from highly repetitive work.

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Hofstede Studies

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how well US management theories apply in other countries. includes power distance and individualism vs. collectivism.

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Performance Appraisal Systems

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maintain organizational productivity. Belief individual performance affects overall goals.

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Performance Management

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process of how an org. managers and aligns resources to achieve high performance.

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Nepotism

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approach to personnel staffing where family members recieve special treatment. Seen as positive in East Asian countries due loyalty and trustworthiness.

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Power Test

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test without precise time limits; score is number of items answered correctly

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Speed Test

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test with precise time limit; score is the number of items attempted in a time period given.

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Job Selection

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method to choose one candidate over another. Decreases likelihood of choose bad employees and reduces discrimination and lawsuits.

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Competency Modeling

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determines characteristics needed to perform successfully and links personal qualities to larger mission of an org.

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Dynamic Performance Criteria

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aspects of job performance that change over time. Change way employees perform tasks due to new technology and training requirements.

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Position Analysis Questionnaire

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assesses content of jobs in 200items. Six categories are: info, input, mental processes, work output, relationships and job context.

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Subject Matter Expert

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person knowledgable on a topic who can serve as a qualified info source. Must have up to date experiences with work long enough to be familiar with long tasks.

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Linkage Analysis

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established connection between tasks performed and the human attributes needed.

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Hawthorne Studies

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seies of studies at the Western Electric Company focused on how behavior manifests itself.

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Hawthorne Effect

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change in behavior brought about through special attention to that behavior.

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Army Alpha Test

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intelligence test for the selection and placement of military personnel.

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APA Code of Ethics in Experimental Research

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protects subjects rights and avoids unqualified investigators. Includes 1) right to informed consent 2)right to privacy 3)right to confidentiality 4)right to protection from deception and 5)right to debriefing.

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Licensure

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process by which a professional practice is regulated by law to ensure quality standards met to protect the public.

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Psychological Contract

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implied exchange relationship between an employee and an org. Perception of reciprocal obligations.

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Expectancy Theory

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percieved degree of relationship between amount of effort and performance. Input = Desired Outcome.

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Goal Setting Theory

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directs efforts toward attainment of specific goals set or established. Assumes people act rationally.

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Self Regulation Theory

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setting of goals and receipt of accurate feedback monitored to enhance likelihood of goal attainment. Self monitoring and evaluation.