Psychology I/o Ch1 Muchinsky

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What is APS?
What is the purpose of APS?

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American Psychological Society. Purpose is to advance the discipline of psychology from a scientific perspective.

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SIOP

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Society for I/O - Division 14

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What are the different names for the field of I/O, internationally?

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occupational psychology, work and organizational psychology, industrial psychology

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What are the two "sides" of I/O psychology?

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Professional side: application of knowledge to solve real problems in the world of work.
Academic discipline: study, research, analysis

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Principal work settings of I/O psychologists

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Consulting firms (35%), Universities (39%), Industry (20%), Government (6%)

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Name the fields of I/O psychology

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Selection/Placement, Training/Development, Performance Appraisal, Organizational Development, Quality of Worklife, Ergonomics

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Ergonomics

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Designing tools, equipment, and machines that are compatible with human skills

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To be licensed, are psychology specialty licences required?

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No.

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Why is I/O psychology licensure considered controversial?

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Original purpose of licensure in psychology was to protect the public in the health care areas of psychology. However, I/O psychologists are not health care providers.

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W.L. Bryan

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considered the precursor to the "father of I/O"; he published paper about how professional telegraphers develop skill in sending and receiving Morse code.

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What year did "industrial psychology" begin? When did the appendage of "organizational" begin?

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1910; 1970

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Walter Dill Scott

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Book on "Theory of Advertising"; 1903; improving human efficiency with imitation, competition, loyalty, concentration

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Frederick W. Taylor

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self-trained engineer; showed that workers who handled heavy iron ingots could be more productive if they had work rests; training employees when to work and when to rest increased average worker productivity; inhumanely exploited workers for a higher wage and that great numbers of workers would be unemployed because fewer were needed

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Lillian Moller Gilbreth

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human aspects of time maagement; mother of twelve; effects of stress and fatigue on workers

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Hugo Munsterberg

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applying traditional psychological methods to practical industrial problems; selecting workers, designing work situations, using psychology in sales

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Army Alpha

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intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel

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Army Beta

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A nonverbal intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O psycholoigsts to assess literature recruits

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Bureau of Salesmanship Research

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developed by Walter Bingham at Carnegie Institute of Technology; cooperation between college and industry

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Psychological Corporation
-by whom
-what year
-its purpose

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founded by James Cattell in 1921; purpose was to advance psychology and promote its usefulness to industry

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Hawthorne studies

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joint venture between Western Electric and Harvard University researchers; to find relationship between lighting and efficiency

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Hawthorne effect

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postive change in behavior that occurs at the onset of an intervention followed by a gradual decline, often to the original level of the behavior prior to the intervention

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Army General Classification Test (AGCT)

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test developed during WWII by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of miliatary personnel

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Situational Stress Tests
-definition
-purpose

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project undertaken by the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS); purpose of testing program was to assess candidates for assignment to military intelligence units; emotional testing (frustration/tolerance)

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I/O Division of APA
-year

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1946

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Ergonomics aka

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engineering psychology

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Elton Mayo

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founder of what became known as the human relations movement; emphasis on individual needs, informal groups, social relationships as primary basis for behavior within organizations

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1964 Civil Rights Act

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reduce unfair discrimination against minorities

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1990 Americans with Disabilities Act / Civil Rights Act

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both were designed to remedy further inequities in the workplace

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1993 William Clinton; Family and Medical Leave Act

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grants workers up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave from work to attend to family and medical issues

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Project A

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Developing the ASVAB (test developed in the 1980's by I/O psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel

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e-business

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networks of suppliers, distributors, and customers who make products and render services by exchanging information online

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CIO

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Chief information officer

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Cross cultural psychology

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area of reearch that examines the degree to which psychological concepts and findings generalize to people in other cultures and societies