Mss Skin (L13 Physiology And Pathology Of Skin)

Front 1

skin physiology
functions of skin

Back 1

1. control of body temperature (thermo-regulation)
2. secretion
3. immunological defense
4. psycho-social
5. Barrier function - prevent water loss, electrolyte, infiltration of micro-organisms, external toxic materials

Front 2

eccrine glands
locations
secretory activities 2

Back 2

generally distributed
densely in axilla, soles and palms

secretory activities:
1. ultra-filtration of plasma like fluid
2. ductal re-absorption of Na, hypotonic

Front 3

skin response to heat 2

Back 3

central heating: from external and internal muscle contraction
eccrine (evaporation of sweat)
vasodilatation

local heating: prevent denature of protein
radiation
cirrculation

Front 4

skin response to coldness

Back 4

central: prevent hypothermia
local: frostbite (local injury)

function:
vasoconstriction
muscle contraction (voluntary)
shivering (involuntary)

Front 5

defective skin barrier will lead to?
four points

Back 5

1, toxic epidermal necrolysis
2. erythroderma - psoriasis, eczema, drug eruption
3. Dehydration
pre-renal failure, hypotension, hypernatraemia
4. allergens -> atopic dermatitis

Front 6

prevention of infiltration of toxic materials is mainly by the barrier of which layer of the skin?

Back 6

stratum corneum SC
- dead keratin envelop forms physical barrier

Front 7

defective barrier of stratum corneum

Back 7

A. disorder of keratinization
1. Darier's disease
2. epidermolytic hyperkeratosis - thickening and dry skin

B. recurrent bacterial infection

Front 8

skin defense against UV light

Back 8

1. stratum corneum
reflect and scatter photons
2. melanin
absorb UV light
Melanocyte -> melanosomes -> basal keratinocytes

Front 9

atopic dermatitis
pathophysiology

Back 9

- genetic: filaggrin mutation and lead to trans-epidermal water loss
- immunology: expose to allergen
increase in serum and allergen specific IgE level
acute atopic dermatitis - Th-1 humoral immunity
chronic atopic dermatitis - Th-2 cellular immunity
- infection: super allergen (Staph. aureus)

Front 10

atopic dermatitis clinical presentation 4

Back 10

ill-defined scaling and erythematous of skin
acute: vesicles and sweeling
subacute: weeping and discoid-shaped
chronic: lichenification

Front 11

atopic tendency involve which other three allergic response?

Back 11

allergic conjunctivitis
allergic rhinitis
asthma
(eczema)

Front 12

contact dermatitis clinical presentation

Back 12

well defined
confined to the area contact to the culprit
Itchiness, erythema, scaling

Front 13

twp types of contact dermatitis
irritant and allergic

Back 13

irritant - more common, usually chemical
allergic involve type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
- common allergen include:
topical herbal medication
cosmetic
eyerdrops

Front 14

which 4 types of dermatitis

Back 14

cutaneous dermatitis
contact dermatitis
atopic dermatitis
psoriasis

Front 15

bacterial infection leading to cutaneous dermatitis
1. impetigo
pathogens
clinical presentation
complication

Back 15

Staph aureus
peri-oral, yellow coloured crust
children
involve the superficial epidermis
bulbous impetigo and Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Front 16

Erysepilas
pathogens
clinical presentation
complication

Back 16

Streptococcus pyogens
facial
well defined painful patches
dermis
lymphatic spread
complications: lymphedema, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 17

Viral cutaneous dermatitis
pathogens 2 and their recurrence disease

Back 17

herpes simplex virus
- Vesicles => shallow erosions
HSV-1: herpes labialis
HSV-2: Genital herpes

Varicella-zoster virus
1st episode: Chickenpox
Recurrence: Herpes Zoster (dermatomal, dissemination)

Front 18

fungus infection cutaneous dermatitis
majorly 2 types

Back 18

1. dermatophytes
- epidermophyton, trichophyton, microsporum
- annular scaling with advancing border
- superficial skin

2. candida, Fusarium

Front 19

parasitic infection cutaneous dermatitis

Back 19

sarcptes scabies mites
hypersensitive to the mites and their droppings
clinical presentation
itchiness, discrete papules in limbs, involve barrows and pustules

Front 20

psoriasis
presentation
causes 4

Back 20

well marked erythematous scaling
association with arthropathy
involve the scalp and extensor surfaces
nail changes: pitting and onycholysis

causes
genetic
Immunological
- Th1 response
- upregulation of interleukin
Microbiological
- HIV
- streptococcus -> guttae psoriasis
environment
- medication and alcohol