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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does infectious (septic) arthritis occur?
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most commonly follows hematogenous spread of the pathogenic organism
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Most open infections can become contaminated with what organism?
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s. aureus
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What organisms can be acquired mostly by hospital patients who have weakened immune systems or have open wounds?
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MRSA, C. difficile, and vancomycin resistent enterococcus (VRE)
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What organisms can be present in infectious arthritis?
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S. aureus, s. epi, neisseria gonorrhea, group B strep, s. pneumo, h. influenzae, borrelia burgdorferi, and m. tuberculosis
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What is the morphology for s. aureus?
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facultative GPC, catalase and coagulase positive
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What is the morphology for n. gonorrhea?
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fastidious GNDC that are oxidase positive and grow on cystine trypticase agar
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What are some risk factors for infectious arthritis?
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RA, DM, trauma, immunodeficiency
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What are some clinical features of septic arthritis?
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hot, swollen, painful joints (knees primarily), monoarticular
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How is septic arthritis spread? Where do the organisms migrate?
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hematogenously; to previously damaged joints due to adhesion factors
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After infection spreads to damaged joints, what happens in septic arthritis?
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Pannus formation; cartilage erosion; effusions impairs blood supply, resulting in aseptic bone necrosis
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What are the most common organisms aspirated from synovial fluid in septic arthritis?
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s. aureus and n. gonorrhea
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What is the treatment for septic arthritis if s. aureus is found and it is sensitive to methicillin? What is used if it is resistant to methicillin?
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nafcillin; vancomycin
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What is the treatment for septic arthritis if n. gonorrhea is found in aspirate?
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ceftriaxone
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Reactive arthritis is also called what?
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reiter's syndrome
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What is a key hereditary feature of reactive arthritis?
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common in patients with HLA-B27
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Which bacteria are commonly indicated in reactive arthritis?
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chlamydia trachomatis and salmonella
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What makes osteomyelitis so insidious?
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difficult to diagnose until considerable damage has occurred
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What are some common findings in osteomyelitis?
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trauma, hematoma, bacteremia, chills, fever, and inflammation, severe and localized pain
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Osteomyelitis commonly affects which portion of long bones?
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metaphysis
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Osteomyelitis can be diagnosed how?
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bone scan, x-ray, labs
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What bacteria is usually indicated in osteomyelitis? In IV drug users?
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s. aureus; serratia
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What is the standard treatment for osteomyelitis?
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nafcillin or oxacillin
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What organism typically infects prostheses?
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s. epi due to slime layer
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