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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A failure of the body to function normally |
Disease |
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Invasion of the body by disease-producing microorganisms |
Pathogens |
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Infection restricted to a small area |
Local Infection |
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Infection that is widespread throughout the body |
Systemic Infection |
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This means that the microorganism is present and growing but is not causing illness |
Colonization |
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Single-celled organisms found everywhere |
Bacteria |
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Microorganisms that harmoniously live in or on the human body |
Microbiota or Normal Flora |
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Two clinically important characteristics of bacteria |
The presence of a cell wall and the ability to form spores |
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Rickettsia and Chlamydia are classified as what? |
Bacteria |
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The smallest of the infectionious agents are called... |
Viruses |
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This plantlike organism grows in damp and dark places. |
Fungus |
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Myotic infections are caused by... |
Pathogenetic Fungi |
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Single-celled, animal-like microbes are called... |
Protozoa |
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What are the four types of Protozoa? |
Amebas, Ciliates, Flagellates, and Sporozoa |
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These parasitic worms are multicellular, parasitic, and pathogenic to human beings |
Helminths |
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An object, living or nonliving, that transfers a pathogen from one organism to another |
Vector |
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Cocci, Bacillus, and Curved Rods are all groups of _____ |
Bacteria |
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Cocci are shaped like... |
Spheres |
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Bacilli are shaped like... |
Rods |
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Define Nosocomial Infection |
A hospital-acquired infection |
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Athletes Foot and Ringworm are examples of... |
Myotic Infection |
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A yeastlike fungus that normally inhabits the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina |
Candida Albicans |
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Define the Portals of Entry |
Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Eye, Skin, and Parenteral Route |
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Define Portals of Exit |
Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Skin, Eyes, Breast |
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The skin is referred to as... |
The integument or Cutaneous membrane |
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The skin has two distinct layers, which are... |
Epidermis, the surface layer, and Dermis, the inner layer |
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This lies on top of the dermis and has access to a rich supply of blood |
Stratum Germinativum |
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This tough protein hardens and flattens the cells as they move toward the surface of the skin |
Keratin |
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This surface layer of the epidermis is composed of about 30 layers of dead keratinized cells |
Stratum Corneum |
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Define Radiation |
Heat is lost from a warm object to the cooler air surrounding the warm object |
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Define Conduction |
Loss of heat by cool air currents moving over the surface of the skin |
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Define Convection |
Loss of heat by cool air currents moving over the surface of the skin |
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Define Evaporation |
Process whereby a liquid turns into a gas in response to temperature |
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Define the chief parts of hair |
Shaft, which is above the surface of the skin. Root, which extends from the dermis to the surface. Follicle, formed by the downward extension of epidermal cells. |
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Define the 3 layers of the skin, from the surface layer to the deepest layer |
Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous Layer |
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This layer of skin stretches during pregnancy and weight gain |
Dermis |
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This layer of skin is avascular |
Epidermis |
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This layer of skin helps insulate the body from extreme temperature changes and anchors the skin to underlying structures |
Subcutaneous |
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Why is the Hypothalamus important? |
It is the thermostat of the body. It senses changes in body temperature and sends information to the skin and skeletal muscle. |
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Why are melanocytes important? |
Melanocytes secrete melanin. Melanin determines hair color and becomes less abundant with aging. |
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This type of perspiration refers to the activity of eccrine glands on a hot day |
Sensible Perspiration |
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Insensible Perspiration is defined as... |
Insensible water loss |
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The regulation of body temperature is called... |
Thermoregulation |
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These glands are associated with oil, hair follicles, and are found in all areas of the body that have hair |
Sebaceous Glands |
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These glands are located in the dermis and secrete sweat |
Sudoriferous Glands |
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These glands are associated with hair follicles and are found in axillary and genital areas |
Apocrine Glands |
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These glands are found in the external auditory canal of the ear |
Cereminous Glands |
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The outermost layer of the eye is called the... |
Sclera |
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This layer of the eye is made of tough fibrous connective Tissue that covers most of the eyeball |
Sclera |
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A transparent extension of the sclera is called the... |
Cornea |
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This avascular extension of the sclera covers the area over the iris |
Cornea |
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The middle layer of the eye is called... |
Choroid |
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Define the two functions of the Choroid |
Provides the retina with a rich supply of blood and absorbs excess light to prevent glare |
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The innermost layer of the eye is called... |
Retina |
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What are the two types of photoreceptors? |
Rods and Cones |
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This area of the eye is also referred to as the blind spot |
Optic Disc |
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This cavity is located between the lens and the cornea and is filled with the water fluid known as Aqueous Humor |
Anterior Cavity |
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What part of the nervous system and brain has today do with vision? |
Visual Cortex |
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Name the Visual Accessory Organs |
Eyebrows, Eyelids, Conjuctiva, Eyelashes, Lacrimal Apparatus, and Extrinsic Eye Muscles |
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Eyelids are also called |
Palpebrae |
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External Auditory Canal serves what purpose? |
This passageway allows sound waves to enter the ear. The External Auditory Canal is located in the External ear. |
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This membrane is composed primarily of connective tissue and has a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels |
Tympanic Membrane |
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The three bones of the middle ear are... |
Malleus, Incus, Stapes |
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This passageway connects to the pharynx, or throat |
Eustachian Tube |
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The Membranous Labyrinth is surrounded by perilymyph and is itself filled with a thick fluid called... |
Endolymph |
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Name the 3 parts of the Inner Ear |
Vestibule, Semicircular, and Cochlea |
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Is the Cochlea concerned with Hearing or Equilibrium? |
Hearing |
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Are the Vestibule and Semicircular Canals concerned with Hearing or Equilibrium? |
Equilibrium |
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Does a rod or a cone produce black and white imagery? |
Rod |
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Does a rod or a cone produce colored imagery? |
Cone |
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The pathway from the retina to the brain is called... |
Visual Pathway |