Anatomy And Physiology Study Guide Unit 2

Front 1

osseus tissue refers to

Back 1

bone only

Front 2

if a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect

Back 2

a rise in blood calcium concentration

Front 3

hemopoiesis typically occurs in

Back 3

red bone marrow

Front 4

the most serious effect of severe hypoclcaemia is likely to be

Back 4

laryngospasm and suffocation

Front 5

calcium homeostasis in adults is maintained mainly by

Back 5

parathyroid hormone

Front 6

osteoblasts deposit more bone matrix in response to all of the following factors except

Back 6

parathyroid hormone

Front 7

a farmer's finger is pulled completely off his hand by a piece of farm machinery

Back 7

an avulsion

Front 8

All of the following are part of the bone matrix except

Back 8

hydroxyapatite
(collage, chondroitin sulfate, glycoproteins, proteoglycans)

Front 9

most bones develop from

Back 9

hyaline cartilage

Front 10

the cells primarily responsible for the breakdown of bone are

Back 10

osteoclasts

Front 11

the protein fibers of the bone matrix are composed of

Back 11

collagen

Front 12

appostitional growth of a long bone has the effect of

Back 12

increasing the diameter of the bone

Front 13

bones found in the forearm are (type)

Back 13

long bones

Front 14

osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon transport their wastes to the bloodstream for removal via

Back 14

canaliculi

Front 15

the ____ forms by endochondral ossification

Back 15

humerus

Front 16

formation of ___ is a stage of intramembranous ossification

Back 16

a primary ossification center

Front 17

in the development of the skeleton, what typically happens at the age of 18-21

Back 17

the epiphyseal plate closes

Front 18

when bone is being resorbed, acid phosphate dissolves its

Back 18

collagen

Front 19

hypocalcaemia can result from any of the following except

Back 19

excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone
(lactation, Vit D deficit, severe diarrhea, excessive secretion of calcitonin)

Front 20

one thing the calcitrol does that parathyroid hormone does not is

Back 20

stimulate the small intestine to absorb more phosphate

Front 21

a soft callous forms during

Back 21

the healing of a fracture

Front 22

the skeletal system performs all of the following functions except

Back 22

regulation of body temp

Front 23

hydroxapatite is best described as

Back 23

calcium phosphate crystals in the bone matrix

Front 24

a canaliculus of compact bone contains

Back 24

a process of osteocytes

Front 25

based on shape, parietal bones are classified as

Back 25

flat

Front 26

bones that serve as levers are moved by skeletal muscle to provide movement are termed

Back 26

long bones

Front 27

the cavity of the diaphysis of long bones is called the __ cavity and commonly contains __ morrow

Back 27

medullary, red

Front 28

the periosteum is a connective tissue sheath which lines the __ of bones and fuses with bones by way of __ fibers

Back 28

outer surface, perforating

Front 29

fat is stored in the

Back 29

medullary cavity of long bones

Front 30

which one of the bone cells is most closely related to white blood cells

Back 30

osteoclasts

Front 31

hydroxyapatite refers to the crystals of bone which is made up primarily of

Back 31

calcium phosphate

Front 32

which of the following is found in compact bone but not in spongy bone

Back 32

central canals

Front 33

not all compact bone is organized around a central canal. Lamellae found in the inner and outer boundaries of dense bone run parallel to the bone surface, these lamellae are called

Back 33

circumferential

Front 34

as bone grows in the child only two areas of cartilage are left at each epiphysis. these two areas are:

Back 34

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

Front 35

at the epiphyseal plate, in the zone of calcification

Back 35

chondroblasts deposit more cartilage to increase the size of the epiphyseal plate

Front 36

in the zone of deposition,___ cells rapidly invade the calcified matrix and lay down bone. then ___cells erode the spongy bone to form the marrow cavity

Back 36

osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Front 37

the growth of the epiphyseal plate addds to the length of bone is called ___growth

Back 37

interstitial

Front 38

in order for mineralization to begin, two steps must occur:

Back 38

the solubility product must be reached and the inhibitors are neutralized

Front 39

if the pH of blood drops below 7.35, your body is said to be in a state of acidosis. to counteract this acidosis, you would expect your kidneys to excrete more hydrogen ions, your breathing rate to increase to blow off more CO2, and your bone to

Back 39

increase the activity of osteoclasts

Front 40

an individual has the following symptoms: increased excitability of the NS and increased muscle spasms particularly in the hands and feet:

Back 40

hypocalcaemia

Front 41

parathyroind hormone helps to convert

Back 41

calcitriol to vitamin D3

Front 42

osteoclasts are stimulated, CA is resorbed by the kidneys, calcitriol is formed and osteoblasts are inhibited from forming collagen. the best explanation for these activities is

Back 42

low blood calcium and increased production of PTH

Front 43

the use of anabolic steroids by adolescent boys will

Back 43

decrease the growth of bone by prematurely closing the epiphyseal plate

Front 44

a fracture at the distal end of the ulna is called

Back 44

colles

Front 45

a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called

Back 45

comminuted

Front 46

a loss of bone mass, especially spongy bone, is usually a lack of exercise or deficiency of estrogen after menopause. this is called

Back 46

osteoporosis

Front 47

nodding your head yes represents movement of which type of joint

Back 47

elipsoid

Front 48

all of the following are paranasal sinuses except

Back 48

temporal
(sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, frontal)

Front 49

the internal and external acoustic meatuses are openings in (bone)

Back 49

temporal

Front 50

the sphenoid bone has all of the following features except

Back 50

infraorbital foramen
(foramen ovale, an optic foramen, a foramen spinosum, a pterygoid canal)

Front 51

which skull bone is paired

Back 51

parietal

Front 52

the lambdoid suture separates the parietal bones from

Back 52

the occipital bone

Front 53

the styloid process, mastoid process, and zygomatic process are parts of

Back 53

temporal bone

Front 54

the __bone of the skull articulates with the vertebral column

Back 54

occipital

Front 55

all of the following are facial bones except__, which is a cranial bone

Back 55

ethmoid bone
(palatine, lacrimal, vomer, maxilla)

Front 56

the fetal skull has the following fontanels

Back 56

anterior posterior sphenoid mastoid occipital

Front 57

there are __thoracic vertebrae and pairs of ribs

Back 57

12

Front 58

the axis is the only vertebra with

Back 58

a dens

Front 59

which of the following is in the antebrachium?

Back 59

ulna

Front 60

the glenoid cavity is a point of articulation between

Back 60

the scapula and humerus

Front 61

the cranial bones have a middle layer of spongy bone called

Back 61

diploe

Front 62

which part of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Back 62

mental protuberance

Front 63

the ___of a vertebra bears the most weight

Back 63

transverse process

Front 64

costal facets are found only on

Back 64

thoracic vertebra

Front 65

two bones have auricular (ear) surfaces. namely the

Back 65

right and left temporal bone

Front 66

each clavicle articulates with

Back 66

the manubrium and scapula

Front 67

a costal cartilage connects each __to the __.

Back 67

rib, sternum

Front 68

the ___is fractured more often than any other bone?

Back 68

radius

Front 69

strictly speaking, the arm refers only to the

Back 69

brachium

Front 70

a styloid process is found on all of the following except

Back 70

femur
(radius, ulna, temporal,fibula)

Front 71

which of the following is not in the same class as the others

Back 71

cuneiform
(trapezoid, lunate, pisiform)

Front 72

which of the following is not found in the skull

Back 72

obturator foramen (deep hip)

(foramen spinosum and magnum, mastoid and mental foramen)

Front 73

a rounded knob that articulates with another bone is called a

Back 73

condyle

Front 74

a shallow, broad, or elongated basin in bone is called

Back 74

fossa

Front 75

a small rounded process is called a __while a massive process is called a___

Back 75

epicondyle, condyle

Front 76

which of the sinuses listed below does not communicate with the sinus cavity

Back 76

mastoid
(frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid)

Front 77

the suture that separates the two parietal bones is called the

Back 77

sagittal suture

Front 78

the smooth area of the frontal bone just above the nasal bones is called the

Back 78

glabella

Front 79

the suture that separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone is the __suture, while the suture between the parietal and temporal bones is the __suture

Back 79

lambdoid, squamous

Front 80

the large irregular opening just medial to the styloid process of the temporal bone if the

Back 80

external acoustic foramen

Front 81

which of the foramens listed below is not found in the sphenoid

Back 81

mental foramen

Front 82

which of the features listed is not found in the ethmoid bone

Back 82

inferior nasal conchae
(crista galli, middle and superior nasal conchae, perpendicular plane)

Front 83

this bone, blade of a plow), forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

Back 83

vomer

Front 84

the mandibular condyle articulate with the

Back 84

mandibular fossae of the temporal bone

Front 85

an abnormal lateral spinal curvature, which is more common in adolescent girls, is called

Back 85

scoliosis

Front 86

the region of the vertebral column, which has the most number of fuses or unfused vertebrae is the

Back 86

thoracic

Front 87

this vertebra has the following characteristics: body, vertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse process, and transverse foramen

Back 87

cervical

Front 88

in a herniated, ruptured, or slipped disc this area of fibrocartilage called the __cracks and the __oozes out and may put painful pressure on the spinal chord

Back 88

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

Front 89

the head of most ribs articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra at the

Back 89

superior and inferior costal facets

Front 90

ribs 8-10 attatch to the costal cartilage of rib 7, 8-10 are called

Back 90

false ribs

Front 91

the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the __while the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the __.

Back 91

radius, ulna

Front 92

the funny bone refers to the

Back 92

olecranon process

Front 93

how many phalanges are in each hand and foot

Back 93

14

Front 94

the tibia is one of the major weight-bearing bones of the leg and articulates inferiorily with this weigh bearing bone called the

Back 94

talus

Front 95

unlike other joints, a __does not join two bones together

Back 95

gomphosis

Front 96

which movement is limited to the foot

Back 96

dorsiflextion

Front 97

which of these is a first class lever

Back 97

atlanto-occipital joint

Front 98

which of the bursae are not associated with the shoulder joint

Back 98

olecranon bursa (elbow)

(subdeltoid, subacromial, subscapular)

Front 99

which of these are a gliding joint

Back 99

patellofemoral joint

Front 100

the humerus is held in the glenoid cavity more securely by the __than by any other structure

Back 100

transverse humeral ligament

Front 101

if two bones are joined so firmly that they cannot move the form a

Back 101

symphysis

Front 102

the hyaline costal cartilage that attaches rib to sternum forms a

Back 102

synarthrosis

Front 103

the cartilage pad called a meniscus is found in the knee and the __joint

Back 103

temporomandibular

Front 104

which of the following joints in multiaxial

Back 104

condyloid joint
(coxal, saddle, hings, proximal radioulnar)

Front 105

to raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of the person standing in front of you involves __of the shoulder

Back 105

flexion

Front 106

to be sitting on a sofa and raise your arm to rest it on the back of the sofa involves __at the shoulder joint

Back 106

abduction

Front 107

if you stand on tiptoes to reach something, you are ___at the ankle joint

Back 107

plantar flexion

Front 108

a fibrous joint cannot also be

Back 108

diarthosis
(gomphosis, amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, suture)

Front 109

cup you hands to hold water requires

Back 109

abduction of the fingers

Front 110

a metacarpophalangeal joint is

Back 110

hinge joint

Front 111

#59

Back 111

MA=L effort/L distal

Front 112

which of the following is true of a first class lever joints

Back 112

MA >1

Front 113

radius and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side to side movements of the __joint

Back 113

elbow

Front 114

the patella and femur form a __joint

Back 114

gliding

Front 115

a tendon sheath is a modified

Back 115

bursa

Front 116

a torn tendon or ligament is the cause of

Back 116

sprian

Front 117

a joint such as the knee or elbow, which is freely moveable is termed

Back 117

diarthrosis

Front 118

a structurally classified joint which has no synovial cavity and is held together by ligaments

Back 118

fibrous

Front 119

the functional and structural classifications that best describe the tibiofibular joint are:

Back 119

synarthrosis, synovial joint

Front 120

the suture between the temporal bone and parietal bone and sphenoid bone is called

Back 120

lap
(serrate, plane, jagged, butt)

Front 121

the pubic symphysis is made of

Back 121

fibrocartilage

Front 122

synovial fluid is rich in __and __, which gives it a viscous, slippery texture similar to egg white before it is heated into a gel

Back 122

albumin, hyaluronic acid

Front 123

the articular cartilage found in synovial joint is

Back 123

hyaline cartilage

Front 124

the meniscus is composed of

Back 124

fibrocartilage

Front 125

the elbow is which kind of joint

Back 125

hinge

Front 126

if you are moving your head from side to side to say 'no' you are using a __joint

Back 126

pivot

Front 127

which of the following is the weakest joint

Back 127

gliding

Front 128

the movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion is

Back 128

circumduction

Front 129

the movement of the foot where the soles are turned medially is

Back 129

inversion

Front 130

which lever type is the most common in the human body

Back 130

second

Front 131

the coxal, or hip joint, contains a ring of fibrocartilage called the

Back 131

acetabular labrum

Front 132

the achilles heel is the

Back 132

calcaneal tendon

Front 133

the crunching or crackling sounds in aging joints are caused by

Back 133

bone grinding against bone

Front 134

what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate

Back 134

synchondrosis

Front 135

which of the following joints allows for the most movement

Back 135

pivot

Front 136

the joint between a tooth and an alveolar socket is called

Back 136

gomphosis

Front 137

skeletal system has 4 components

Back 137

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

Front 138

functions of the skeletal system

Back 138

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

Front 139

body

Back 139

main part

Front 140

head

Back 140

enlarged (often rounded) end

Front 141

neck

Back 141

constriction between head and body

Front 142

margin or border

Back 142

edge

Front 143

angle

Back 143

bend

Front 144

ramus

Back 144

branch off the body after the angle

Front 145

condyle

Back 145

smooth, rounded articular surface

Front 146

facet

Back 146

small, flattened articular surface

Front 147

line or linea

Back 147

low ridge

Front 148

crest or crista

Back 148

prominent ridge

Front 149

spine

Back 149

very high ridge

Front 150

process

Back 150

prominent projection

Front 151

tubercle

Back 151

small, rounded bump

Front 152

tuberosity or tuber

Back 152

knob, larger than a tubercle

Front 153

trochanter

Back 153

tuberosities on the proximal femur

Front 154

epicondyle

Back 154

upon a condyle

Front 155

foramen

Back 155

hole

Front 156

canal or meatus

Back 156

tunnel

Front 157

fissure

Back 157

cleft

Front 158

sinus or labrynth

Back 158

cavity

Front 159

fossa

Back 159

general term for a depression

Front 160

notch

Back 160

depression in the margin of a bone

Front 161

groove or sulcus

Back 161

deeper, narrow depression

Front 162

classification of joints

Back 162

based on function, connective tissue, and fluid or not

Front 163

classification of joints

Back 163

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial

Front 164

fibrous joints

Back 164

bones are connected by fibrous tissue with no joint cavity capable of little or no movement

Front 165

cartilaginous joints

Back 165

synchondroses, symphases

Front 166

synchrondroses

Back 166

joints which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate)

Front 167

symphyses

Back 167

slightly moveable fibrocartliage joints

Front 168

synovial

Back 168

capable of considerable movement
plane/pivot/hinge/ball and socket
ellipsoid/ saddle

Front 169

syndesmosis

Back 169

fibrous joint in which the bones are farther apart than in a suture, some movement aka radioulnar