Mis

Front 1

data v. info

Back 1

data is the raw material in the production of info

Front 2

closed v. open system

Back 2

closed: stands alone, nothing flows in/out to another system, better security
open: interacts w/ other systems (subsystems by def are open)

Front 3

IS

Back 3

informations system -- consists of all the components that work together to process data and produce info

Front 4

database

Back 4

a large collection of electronic records

Front 5

information map

Back 5

the description of data + info flow w/in an org

Front 6

IT

Back 6

information technology - refers to all technologies that facillitate construction and maintenance of ISs

Front 7

synergy

Back 7

when combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately

Front 8

TPS

Back 8

transaction processing system: any system that records transactions

Front 9

SCM

Back 9

supply chain management - system used to support activities in any stage of the business process

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ERP

Back 10

enterprise resource planning system- refers to the shipping aspect of business discussed in SCM system

Front 11

CRM

Back 11

customer relationship management system - system helps manage an organization's relationship with customers, ranging from simple to complex

Front 12

8 ways to achieve a competitive advantage

Back 12

1)reduce costs (increase p margin)
2)raise barriers to entrants (less competition)
3)establish high switching costs
4)create new products + services (unique, no competition at least in SR)
5)Differentiate products or services
6)Enhance products or services (so better than competition's)
7)Establish alliances (combined packages at better prices)
8)Lock in suppliers or buyers (keeps them from dealing with competitors, do this by creating a standard or perception of being the superior product)

Front 13

Reengineering

Back 13

eliminating a set of operations and building new ones from the ground up.

Front 14

SIS

Back 14

strategic info system - any IS that can help an organization achieve an LT comp advantage, so long as (1) it serves an organizational goal rather than just to provide info and (2) must engage/be useful to managers of different areas of the company, thus serving a company-wide goal

Front 15

Late mover advantage

Back 15

implementing superior technology since product is created later than the competition (i.e Jet Blue)

Front 16

CMS

Back 16

cash management system - deal specifically w/ cash, used mainly to execute cash transactoins in which fin inst's transfer large amounts of money using electronic funds transfer

Front 17

EFT

Back 17

electronic funds transfer - trasfers cash electronically from an account in one bank to an account in another

Front 18

time to market

Back 18

the time between generating an idea for a product and completing a prototype that can be mass-manufactured

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CAD

Back 19

computer-aided design -- computers used to test product design in 3 dimensions

Front 20

CAM

Back 20

computer-aided manufacturing

Front 21

MRP

Back 21

material requirements planning - IS that manage inventory, require a bill of materials (BOM) for raw inputs and economic order quantity (EOQ) for optimal amount of product to include.

Front 22

Economic order quantity (EOQ)

Back 22

the optimal quantity of a specific raw material that allows a company to minimize overstocking and save cost, without risking understocking and missing production deadlines

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MRP II

Back 23

Manufacturing Resource planning - combines MRP I and other manufacturing-related activities to plan the entire manufacturing process, not just inventory. i.e they can modify schedules to accomodate orders, track production in real time, and and fix quality slippage.

Front 24

JIT

Back 24

just-in-time manufacturing where supplier ship parts directly to assembly lines, saving the cost of warehousing raw materials, parts, and subassemblies

Front 25

RFID

Back 25

radio frequency identification - can be attached to a product and contain an EPC (electronic product code) that includes details about the production of the item, its expiration date, destination, etc. Info can then be read and revised by special RFID transceivers (transmitter-reciever devices)

Front 26

targeted marketing

Back 26

define the prospective customer as accurately as possible and then direct promotional dollars to those indivs move likely to purchase product.

Front 27

Processes where IS facilitates HR management

Back 27

1) Employee record management (to meet external government and internal company regulations)
2)evaluation
3)promotion and recruitment (maintain resume database, search based on certain criteria, sweeping web-search of resumes, etx)
4) training
5)compensation and banefit management

Front 28

hardware (and examples of)

Back 28

the physical components of a computer (output devices like printer and speakers, external storage like CD drive, Internal memory like RAM and ROM chips, CPU, and input devices like a keyboard) that together must: accept data, store data and instructions, process data, and output data and info

Front 29

central processing unit (CPU)

Back 29

as the most important part of a computer since it is what allows a computer to be programmed and perform tasks, it accepts instructions and data, decodes and executes them, and stores results (output) in memory for later display.

Front 30

internal memory

Back 30

the main memory that stores data and instructions just before + after the CPU processes them, comes in 2 forms: RAM and ROM

Front 31

RAM

Back 31

random access memory - the amount of it and speed at which it operates determine the power of the computer

Front 32

ROM

Back 32

read-only memory - has more restricted functions that RAM since what is programmed onto ROM cannot be changed over the life of the device -- best for firmware

Front 33

external data

Back 33

i.e disks, CDs, flash memory etc offers more permanent storage than RAM in that it exceeds the lifespan of a computer

Front 34

bits and bytes

Back 34

Are used to measure the amount of data that computers store + process. A bit is a binary digit, 0 or 1. 8 bits = 1 byte

Front 35

supercomputers

Back 35

very powerful, have RAMs w/ billions of bytess with a processing speed of billions of instructions per second, allowing for parallel processing

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mainframe computers

Back 36

less powerful and expensive that supercomputers. Have terabytes of storage but don't process much faster than regular PCs

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midrange computers

Back 37

smaller than mainframes and less powerful, but are a server for hundreds of people within organizations or on the internet

Front 38

microcomputers

Back 38

all personal computers

Front 39

PDA

Back 39

personal digital assistant, often with a stylus (pen thing) for clicking and drawing

Front 40

Tablet computer

Back 40

computer or attachment to computer without keyboard

Front 41

technology convergence

Back 41

building several technologies into a single piece of hardware

Front 42

multithreading

Back 42

processing more than 1 program or several parts of a program at one time.

Front 43

microprocessor

Back 43

is another name for the CPU chip; it carries signals that execute all processing within a computer. It is embedded with transistors (aka semiconductors) used to direct operations in a computer. The greater the # of transistors a microprocessor has, the more curcuits it has so the more powerful it is. (current ones have several hundred million processors

Front 44

The 4 functions a CPU performs in a machine cycle and how the rate of cycles is measured

Back 44

fetch, decode, execute, and store. Measured by frequency or "clock rate", 1cycle/second = hertz, computer frequencies measured in megahertz or gigahertz

Front 45

system clock

Back 45

synchronizes all tasks in CPU operations

Front 46

data word

Back 46

the max # of bits that the control unit can fetch from primary memory in one machine cycle

Front 47

How is computer power measured?

Back 47

By processing capacity (CPU clock rate in MHz or GHz) and memory capacity (the amount of info the CPU can process per cycle, determined by the size of the data word and capacity of internal communication lines, referred to as "buses")

Front 48

throughput

Back 48

# of bits/second that the bus can accomodate

Front 49

bus

Back 49

the electronic lines or traces used for communication inside the computer.

Front 50

inaccurate measure of computer speed + why it shouldn't be used

Back 50

MIPS: millions of instructions/second, but instructions have varying levels of capacity.

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ergonomics

Back 51

study of the comfort and safety of human beings in their working environment

Front 52

source data input devices

Back 52

copy data directly from the source without human intervention, i.e a bar-code scanner. They are used for banking, credit-card processing, and shipping. car-code scanner employs optical bar recognition (analyzes pattern of line) whereas bubble m/c forms for tests use optical mark recognition.

Front 53

magnetic ink character recognition

Back 53

used to record numbers (i.e on checks when deposited at a bank)

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imaging

Back 54

image processing, saving scanned images i.e of signatures and graphics, so they can be indexed in their electronic form, and searched for with keywords or #s when needed, dramatically reducing search time.

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CRT (cathode ray tube)

Back 55

a type of monitor where the inner side of the screen has a layer of tiny phosphoric dots which make up pixels and respond to electronic beams by displaying different colored light

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LCD (liquid crystal display)

Back 56

the most common type of flat-panel monitor

Front 57

laser/inkjet/etc (nonimpact) printers v. (impact) dot-matrix printers

Back 57

nonimpacts create images one whole page at a time without mechanically impacting the printer while impacts use mechanical impact, so each character printed is made up of tiny dots

Front 58

2 modes of access in data storage

Back 58

sequential: data organized one record after the other
direct: not organized sequentially, so you can access directly without going through other records

Front 59

hard disk

Back 59

a stack of several rigid aluminum platters, can be connected or disconnected from the computer, less protable than a floppy disk (though removable hard disks are available). They store much more data than an ordinary floppy disk.

Front 60

flash memory and its 2 forms

Back 60

a memory chip that can be rewritten and hold its content without electrical power, consume very little power and doesn't require any power to retain info even when not connected to power. 2 forms: a memory card (i.e for camera) and a USB drive ("thumb drive")

Front 61

SSD: solid state disk

Back 61

an alternative to magnetic disks, it actually doesn't involve a disk and works 250x faster than magnetic disk

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DAS

Back 62

direct access storage: disk or array of disks is directly connected to server, i.e hard disk in a PC or a tape drive attached to a single server, commands access this storage directly -good for localized file sharing which is typical for small business

Front 63

NAS

Back 63

network attached storage - comprises both storage media like hard disks and management software which is dedicated to accessing files over a network. It relieves the server of handling storage so the server can process other applications like e-mail and databases.

Front 64

SAN

Back 64

storage area network: a network fully devoted to storage and transfer of data between servers and storage devices. While NAS identifies data at the file level, SAN identifies much higher quantities of data, so it can transfer and back up much larger quantities of data at a time.

Front 65

RAID

Back 65

redundant array of independent disks: often included in DAS, NAS, and SAN whereby data is replicated on different disks to enhance processing speed and fault-tolerance (the ability of the system to sustain failure of a disk, b/c the same data also appears on another disk)

Front 66

port

Back 66

socket used to connect a computer to external devices: printers, hard disks, scanners, etc.

Front 67

backward compatibility

Back 67

newer hardware's compatibility with older hardware

Front 68

scalability

Back 68

implies that resources can be expanded or upgraded to provide increased power as demands increase -- very important when deciding what hardware to purchase