Mis Midterm

Front 1

Globalization is the__________throughout the world, enabled by technological progress

Back 1

integration of economies

Front 2

Definition of Information Systems

Back 2

People
Hardware
Software
Data
Telecommunications networks
Process

Front 3

Primary MIS Functions

Back 3

Capture
Transmit
Store
Retrieve
Manipulate
Display

Front 4

Evolution of Data

Back 4

Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom

Front 5

Data

Back 5

raw, unformatted information

Front 6

Information

Back 6

data that is transformed to have a meaning

Front 7

Knowledge

Back 7

body of governing procedures used to organize or manipulate data

Front 8

Wisdom

Back 8

accumulated knowledge

Front 9

Information Systems Primary 'Value Skills' of Knowledge Worker

Back 9

technical, business, systems competency

Front 10

Impact of Information Systems on Organization

Back 10

1. the spread of technology
2. downsizing and outsourcing
3. increased career prospects and opportunities

Front 11

Moore's Law

Back 11

1.microprocessor and chip capacities double ever 18 months (through miniaturization)
2. as chips get smaller, speed and performance go up, computer cost and size comes down
3. but will need new semiconductor technologies, will hit limit by 2017

Front 12

Trends in Information Technology

Back 12

1. business process design=information technology design
2. location does not matter
3. IT is a major driver in business organization
4. IT does not secure long-term business advantage (requires constant adaptation and change to stay competitive)
5. link business objectives to technology initiatives
6. understand the reality of organizational resistance and inertia

Front 13

Impact of Globalization

Back 13

1. worldwide communication
2. collaboration without barriers

Front 14

Friedman's "The World is Flat"

Back 14

1. globalization 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
2. the global economic playing field has been leveled
3. competition is worldwide
4. few jobs or markets are constrained by geographic boundaries

Front 15

Primary "Flatteners" that have shaped 21st Century (1-5)

Back 15

1. fall of berlin wall - move from large centralized to small decentralized systems
2. netscape - fostered new services, dot.com boom, fiber backbone (collaborative technology development)
3. hardware/software interoperability - more systems and application work together
4. outsourcing - lower telecom costs allow leaner, more efficient processes from anywhere in the world
5. offshoring - global business operations seeking lower costs

Front 16

Primary "Flatteners" that have shaped 21st Century(6-10)

Back 16

6. uploading - users collaborating, distributing applications and knowledge for free (threatening established giants like Microsoft)
7. supply chain - creating more efficient, responsive, lower cost processes
8. insourcing - turning over internal operations to outside contractors
9. informing - huge knowledge and information now readily available to everyone
10. the steroids - convergence of media and wireless and internet technologies (PDAs, mobile computing, iPhone)

Front 17

Challenges of Operating in Digital World

Back 17

1. government regulations, restrictions, politics, oppression
2. geoeconomical - time zone differences, infrastructure issues with poorer, less developed nations
3. demographic - differences in education, industry expertise, availability of skilled workers, different wages
4. cultural - risk taking, language, work skills/habits, intellectual property concepts

Front 18

Primary Types of E-commerce

Back 18

Business to Consumer (amazon)
Business to Business (wal-mart ordering from suppliers)
Business to Employee (employees managing health-care benefits on-line)
Consumer to Consumer (one person from another on ebay)

Front 19

Key Capabilities through E-Commerce

Back 19

1. information dessemination ( global access)
2. integration (integration of information and processes, personalization)
3. mass customization
4. interactive communication (real-time, fast feedback from customers)
5. collaboration
6. transaction support ( lower costs, increased efficiency)
7. disintermediation ( by-pass ttraditional higher-cost channels and go direct to consumers)

Front 20

Internet: A network of networks, compromised of:

Back 20

1. computer and electronic devices
2. telecom infrastructure that connects them (copper, fiver, routers, microwave)
3. software, software tools, and common software protocols
4. widely accepted standards (can access from anywhere, anytime, on any system)

Front 21

Extranet: Proprietary, restricted business applications operating over the internet

Back 21

1. limited to those entities 'inside' the business chain
2. promote B2B transactions (e.g. EDI, web services)

Front 22

Intranet: Private networks (internet based) that use Web technologies to support organizations and their supply chain

Back 22

support internal and external processes and applications (e.g. internal training programs, efficient expense handling, supply chain collaboration projects)

Front 23

Internet Trends

Back 23

1. B2B has been a primary trend since late 90s
2. C2C now fastest growth (ebay)
3. social community applications exploding (facebook, myspace)
4. growth internet fraud
5. self-publishing, blogs
6. m-commerce (convergence of internet and wireless; doing business directly from smart phones, PDAs, online entertainment)

Front 24

Threats to Ecommerce

Back 24

1. terrorist surveillance measures
2. internet taxation and government regulation
3. industry disputes over data prioritization
4. government censorship ( e.g. China, North Korea)
5. employer monitoring of employees, employer liability

Front 25

Decision Making Levels of an Organization

Back 25

Operation Level
Managerial Level
Executive Level

Front 26

Operation Level(Deff)

Back 26

day to day, highly structures, recurring, repetitive tasks; interact daily with customers (high need to be automated) TPS

Front 27

Managerial Level(Deff)

Back 27

monitor and control operations, consolidate information for executive level; moderately comples and structures; implement business strategy MIS

Front 28

Executive Level(Deff)

Back 28

non-structured, complex, non-recurring decisions; long-term strategic issues EIS

Front 29

Operation Level(Who, What, Why, IS)

Back 29

Who - foreman or supervisor
What - automate routine and repetitive activities
Why - improve organizational efficiency
IS - Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Front 30

Managerial Level(Who, What, Why, IS)

Back 30

Who - Midlevel managers and functional managers
What - Automate the monitoring and controlling of operational activities
Why - improve organizational efficiency
IS - Management Information Systems (MIS)

Front 31

Executive Level(Who, What, Why, IS)

Back 31

Who - executive-level managers
What - Aggregate summaries of past organizational data and projections of the future
Why - improve organizational stratgey and planning
IS - Executive Information Systems (EIS)

Front 32

Transactional Processing System (TPS)

Back 32

1. process daily events and transactions
2. increase efficiency (automation, lower costs, higher speed and accuracy)
3. ex: payroll, order entry, inventory management
4. online processing (real time) vs batch processing (collected and processed later)

Front 33

Management information System (MIS)

Back 33

1. managerial level repotrs
2. support mid-level decision making
3. ex: sales forcasts, financial management and planning, production scheduling and planning
4. aggregation and summary

Front 34

Executive Information System (EIS)

Back 34

1. supports executive, strategic decision making; unstructured, nonrecurring events
2. highly aggregated information and summary
3. ex: long-term business planning, crisis management, major internal/external events
4. summary reports, trends, simulations (what if?); digital dashboard

Front 35

Primary Organizational Information Systems

Back 35

1. decision support system - supports decision making for recurring problems
2. intelligent systems - expert systems, neutral networks, intelligent agents
3. data mining
4. office automation systems (word processing, email, desktop applications)
5. collaboration systems - working as teams (video conferencing, groupware)
6. knowledge management systems
7. functional area information systems (focus on specific activities)

Front 36

Business Process : System Development Process

Back 36

Step 1: systems identification, selections and planning
Step 2: system analysis (business process re-engineering)
Step 3: system design
Step 4: system implementation

Front 37

Business Process : Information Systems Development(Options)

Back 37

1. external acquisition (buy existing package or hire 3rd party to develop)
2. build in-house

Front 38

Business Process : Steps in Outsourcing Information Systems

Back 38

1. system identification and planning
2. system analysis
3. development of a request for proposal
4. proposal evaluation
5. vendor selection

Front 39

Business Process : Factors in End-User Development (in-house) - Pros & Cons

Back 39

1. growing sophistication of users
2. actual future users of the system are the system's developers
3. application development may be faster
4. no need to rely on external entities
5. user may not be aware of important standards
6. need for adequate documentation
7. built-in error checking
8. testing
9. potential lack of continuity

Front 40

Business Process : Factors in Outsourcing Information Systems Development - Pros & Cons

Back 40

1. your IS solutions may be housed in their organizations
2. your applications may be run on their computers
3. the may develop systems to run on your existing computers (within your organization)
4. they may replace functions in your organization

Front 41

Legacy Systems : existing, older IT platforms (problem)

Back 41

1. information systems growing over time
2. lace of integration in existing systems (different computing platforms, difficult to integrate, data must be reentered from one system to another, same pieces of data stored in several versions)

Front 42

Primary Functions of Enterprise Systems

Back 42

1. internally focused systems - support decision making, business process and functions; add value to primary and support business activities
2. externally focused systems - coordinate business activities with customers, suppliers, and business partners

Front 43

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Back 43

integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make enterprise-wide decisions by viewing enterprise-wide information on all business operations

Front 44

Primary Characteristics of ERP

Back 44

1. ground up integration of business processes
2. a single application ties together multiple business functions
3. accounting, purchasing, HR
4. applies "best practices" to these processes

Front 45

Primary Applications of ERP

Back 45

1. supply chain management (SCM)
2. customer relationship management (CRM)

Front 46

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Back 46

1. CRM is not just technology, but a strategy, process, and business goal that an organization must embrace on and enterprise-wide level
2. CRM can enable organizations to identify types of customers, design individual customer marketing campaigns, treat each customer as an individual, and understand customer buying behaviors

Front 47

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Back 47

1. involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability

Front 48

Four Basic Components of SCM

Back 48

1. supply chain strategy - strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand
2. supply chain partners - partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw materials, and services
3. supply chain operation - schedule for production activities
4. supply chain logistics - product deliver process