Mis

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Ad hoc reports

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Reports created due to unplanned information requests in which information is gathered to support a nonroutine decision.

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Digital dashboard

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A display delivering summary information to managers and executives.

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Drill-down reports

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Reports that provide details behind the summary values on a key-indicator or exception report.

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Executive information system (EIS)

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An information system designed to provide information in a very aggregate form so that managers at the executive level of the organization can quickly scan it for trends and anomalies.

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Exception reports

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Reports that highlight situations that are out of the normal operating range.

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Fully automated data entry

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Data entry into an information system that does not require any human intervention.

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Key-indicator reports

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Reports that provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule.

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Management information system (MIS)

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1. A field of study that encompasses the development, use, management, and study of computer-based information systems in organizations. 2. An information system designed to support the management of organizational functions at the managerial level of the organization.

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Manual data entry

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Having a person enter information by hand into an information system.

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Scheduled reports

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Reports produced at predefined intervals-daily, weekly, or monthly-to support the routine informational needs of managerial-level decision making.

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Source documents

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Documents that serve as a stimulus to a transaction processing system from some external source.

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Transaction processing system (TPS)

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An information system designed to process day-to-day business event data at the operational level of the organization.

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Business process management (BPM)

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A systematic, structured improvement approach by all or part of an organization whereby people critically examine, rethink, and redesign business processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements in one or more performance measures such as quality, cycle time, or cost.

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Custom applications

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Software programs that are designed and developed by company personnel as opposed to being bought off the shelf.

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Customer relationship management (CRM)

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A corporatelevel strategy designed to create and maintain lasting relationships with customers by concentrating on the downstream information flows, through the introduction of reliable systems, processes, and procedures.

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Customization

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Modifying software so that it better suits user needs.

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Distribution portals

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Enterprise portals that automate the business processes involved in selling, or distributing, products from a single supplier to multiple buyers.

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Downstream information flow

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Information flows that relate to the information that is produced by a company and sent along to another organization, such as a distributor.

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Enterprise portals

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Information system that provides a single point of access to secured, proprietary information, which may be dispersed throughout an organization.

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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

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Information system that supports and integrates all facets of the business, including planning manufacturing, sales, marketing, and so on.

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Enterprise-wide information systems

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Information systems that allow companies to integrate information across operations on a company-wide basis. Also known as enterprise systems.

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Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)

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An XMLbased specification for publishing financial information.

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Extensible Markup Language (XML)

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A data presentation standard that allows designers to create customized features that enable data to be more easily shared between applications and organizations.

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Legacy systems

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Older stand-alone computer system within an organization with older versions of applications that are either fast approaching or beyond the end of their useful life within the organization.

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Packaged applications

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A software program written by third-party vendors.

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Procurement portals

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Enterprise portals that automate the business processes involved in purchasing, or procuring, products between a single buyer and multiple suppliers.

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Radio frequency identification

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The use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the RF portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to transmit signals; an RFID system uses a transceiver and antenna to transfer information to a processing device, or RFID tag.

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Sales force automation (SFA)

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CRM systems to support the day-to-day sales activities of an organization.

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Supply chain management (SCM)

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Information systems focusing on improving upstream information flows with two main objectives—to accelerate product development and to reduce costs associated with procuring raw materials, components, and services from suppliers.

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Trading exchanges

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A Web site where multiple buyers and sellers come together to conduct business; also called an electronic marketplace.

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Chief Information Officer (CIO)

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integrates tech and business management

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Computer-based information system

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information system, a type of technology.

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Downsizing

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looking for ways to streamline business functions, and in some cases slash costs and replace people.

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Hardware

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refers to physical computer equipment such as computer monitor, central processing unit, or keyboard.

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Information systems

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combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunication networks. That people build and use to create, collect, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.

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Information technology

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Machine technology that is controlled by or uses information. Ex- programmable robot on shop floor of a manufacturing firm that receives components specifications and operates instructions.

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Knowledge society

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refers to society in which knowledge is the primary production resource instead of capital and labor.

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Knowledge worker

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Typically professionals who are relatively well educated and who create/modify and/or synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs.

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New economy

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people now work with their brains instead of their hands. Communications technology creates global competition, w/ bank loans and other services. Innovation more important than mass production.

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Outsourcing

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certain jobs being done by people in another firm, in another part of the country, or continent. Subcontracting a third party, mainly like customer service or accounting.

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Outsourcing

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certain jobs being done by people in another firm, in another part of the country, or continent. Subcontracting a third party, mainly like customer service or accounting.

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Software

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intangible, cannot be touched. Digitally stored data in computer systems. Program or set of programs that tell the comp to perform certain tasks.

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Systems integration

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connecting separate information systems and data to improve business processes and decision making

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Telecommunications networks

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refers to a group of two or more computer systems linked together. With communications equipment.

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Geoeconomic

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combination of economic and political factors that influence a region. Few factors one must consider.

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Global information systems strategy

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attempt to achieve economies of scale by producing identical products in large quantities for a variety of different markets. Develop products for global market.

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Globalization

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integration of economics throughout the world, enabled by innovation and technological progress.

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Home-Replication information systems strategy

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most basic form of going global. Companies using this strategy view international operations as secondary to their home operations. Focus on domestic customers needs and wants and only export products for additional sales.

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Individualism/Collectivism

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reflects to the extent to which a society values the position of an individual versus the position of a group.

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In-forming

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allows individuals to utilize powerful search engines on the internet such as google, yahoo, or msn to build “own personal supply of information, knowledge, and entertainment.”

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In-sourcing

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delegations of a company’s logistics operations to a subcontractor that specializes in that operation. EX- UPS

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Maquiladoras

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assembly plants located on the Mexican side of the us border that many us companies use to produce their goods in, to take advantage of lower wage and less stringent regulations.

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Multidomestic information systems strategy

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)- particularly suited for operations in markets differing widely. Degree of integration very low and the individual subunits can respond quickly to their respective market demands.

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Off shoring

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having certain functions performed by the same company, but in a different country. Like having people in Russia work on airplane parts.

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Power distance

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refers to how different societies handle to the issue of human inequality and sheds light on the inherent power structure within organizations and teams. High Power Distance= Countries with high authority, low= more teamwork.

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Transborder data flows

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Regulation has started concern. Spurred by decrease in telecommunications costs, companies started to use offshore outsourcing for many business functions; for example companies today outsource integral functions such as accounting or human resources to India, where the same quality work can be provided at a fraction of the cost of performing in the US or EU. However lots of data has to be transferred to different countries , which causes problems.

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Transnational information systems strategy

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selectively decide which aspects of the organization should be under central control and which should decentralized. Compilation of multidomestic and global business strategies, because both have benefists and drawbacks

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Wiki

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websites allowing users to add, remove, or edit content and is now often used synonymously with open source dictionaries. People constantly are editing and removing and updating content.

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Work flow software

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variety of software applications that allow for software to software interaction. Lets companies all over the world communicate seamlessly.

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Automating

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technology as a way to help complete a task within an organization faster, more cheaply and perhaps with greater accuracy and/or consistency.

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Break-even analysis

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type of cost benefit analysis to identify at what point tangible benefits equal tangible costs

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Cost-benefit analysis

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contrasts total expected tangible costs versus the tangible benefits.

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Informating

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Use information systems to learn and improve. Technology informates when it provides information about its operation and the underlying work process that it supports.

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Intangible benefits

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not easy to quantify,

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Intangible costs

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not easy to quantify

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Learning organization vs. organizational learning

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org learning- the ability of an organization to use past behavior and information to improve its business processes and as well as for automation. learning org- skilled at creating, acquiring, transferring aknowledge, and at modifying ts behavior to reflect knew knowledge and insights

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Productivity paradox

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Information systems being used for unintended ways such as emailing, surfing the web when could be using it to be more efficient for work.

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Proxy variables

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alternative measures of outcome

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System effectiveness

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extent to which a system enables people/firm to accomplish all goals and tasks.

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System efficiency

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extent to which system enables people/firm to do things faster, cheaper, and with less effort.

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Tangible benefits

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easy to quantify

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Tangible costs

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easy to quantify

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Value Chain

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Set of activities that add value throughout the organization (acquire supplies more in an effective manner, improve products, and selling more products)

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Value Chain analysis

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Process of analyzing an organization’s activities to determine where value is added to products/services and what costs are incurred for doing so. Become a popular tool for applying IS for competitive advantage. Tools used by managers to identify opportutnites and gain competitive advantage.

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Application service provider (ASP)

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provide on demand server access over the web. Specific software located on asps server, accessing using web enabled interfaces. Reliable, reduced need to maintain or upgrade software. EX- google calander

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Autonomic computing

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Refers to computer systems and networks that configure themselves to changing conditions and are self healing in the event of failure. "Autonomic" means "automatic responses" to unpredictable events. At the very least, "autonomic" implies that less human intervention is required for continued operation under such conditions

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Business intelligence

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- refers to skills, processes, technologies, applications and practices used to support decision making.

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Business processes

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collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a flowchart as a sequence of activities.

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Core processes

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Processes that service clients and are central to the business purpose.

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Information systems infrastructure

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the hardware, software, networks, data, facilities, human resources, and services used by organizations to support their decision making business processes and competitive strategy.

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Server farms

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also called a data center, is a collection of computer servers usually maintained by an enterprise to accomplish server needs far beyond the capability of one machine. Server farms often have backup servers, which can take over the function of primary servers in the event of a primary server failure.

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Supporting processes

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Activity or function that supports the day-to-day operations of an organization, such as accounting, communications, maintenance, sales.

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Data mining

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process of extracting patterns from data. Data mining is becoming an increasingly important tool to transform these data into information. It is commonly used in a wide range of profiling practices, such as marketing, surveillance, fraud detection and scientific discovery

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Data warehouse

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integrate multiple large databases and other information sources into a single repository. Large organizations such as wal mart, UPS and Alaska Airlines. Stores and distributes data on computer based information’s systems.

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Disaster recovery plan

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process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster

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Edge computing

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increasing web application performance. Recent trend in IS software. Rather than having massive centralized computers and databases multiple smaller servers are located closer to the individual users. Network bandwidth is saved and access time decreases.

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Grid computing

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refers to combining the computing power of a large number of smaller, independent, networked computers (often regular desktop PCs) into a cohesive system in order to solve problems that only supercomputers were previously capable of solving.

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Explicit vs. tacit knowledge assets- tacit

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tacit- knowledge assets that reflect the processes and procedures located in employee’s minds. Explicit- knowledge assets that can be documented, archived, and codified.

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Information systems controls

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controls helping to ensure the reliability of information, consisting of policies and their physical implementation, access, restrictions, or recordkeeping of actions and transactions.

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Knowledge management

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the processes an organization uses to gain the greatest value from its knowledge assets

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Knowledge management system

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a collection of technology-based tools that include communications technologies and information storage and retrieval systems to enable the generation, storage, sharing and management of tacit knowledge assets.

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On-demand computing

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fluctuation computation needs.

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Online transaction processing (OLTP)

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– refers to immediate automated responses to the requests of users. Designed to handle multiple concurrent transactions from customers.

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Open-source software

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philosophy that promotes developers and users access to the source of product or idea. People around the world are contributing their time and expertise to develop or improve software, ranging from operating systems to app software. Available freely for use and modification.

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act

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Government regulation formed as a reaction to large scale accounting scandals that led to the downfall of large corporations that includes the use of information systems controls in compliance interviews.

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Web services

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component that allows data to be accessed without intimate knowledge of other organization’s systems, enabling machine to machine interaction over the internet.

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Voice over IP (VOIP)

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refers to use of internet technologies for placing phone calls. Quality of calls now equal or even surpass the quality of traditional calls over telephone lines. Can receive calls from almost anywhere that they connect to.