Middle Eastern Linguistics Final

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Daghestani

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Speakers of languages in the Daghestanian branch of Northeast Caucasian

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Indo-European

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a language family including Albanian, Greek, Romance, Slavic, Iranian & Indic languages of Turkey

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Semitic

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Language family including Neo-Aramaic and Arabic (in Turkey)

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Uralic

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Language family including Finnish & Hungarian. Not related to Altaic.

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Kartvelian

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Language family of South Caucasian, including Laz (in Turkey)

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NW Caucasian (Abaxaz-Adyghe)

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Language family including Circassian & other languages (in Turkey)

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Ubyx

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NW Caucasian language that has the record # for consonants in the Guiness Book of World Records. Last fluent speaker lived & died in Turkey.

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Nakh-Daghestanian

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NE Caucasian language family including Chechen, Lezgian, Lak, and other languages spoken in Turkey

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Göçmen

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Immigrant; especially a Muslim forced to emigrate to what became Turkey as Ottoman Empire receded. Muhacir.

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Muhacir

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immigrant, especially a Muslim forced to emigrate to what became Turkey as Ottoman Empire receded. Göçmen.

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millet

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non-Muslim nation defined by religion in the late Ottoman Empire

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tâ'ife

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"group" precedes use of millet in Ottoman Turkey. Used for religious groups and others.

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Umma

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"nation" (Arabic) - the collective Islamic community

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Talât Pasa (Pasha)

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member of the CUP ruling triumvariate during WWI. Chief architect of Armenian genocide

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sehirli

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town-dweller. Old urban families in Ottoman Turkey

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kasabalī

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dweller in a small town. refers to old urban families (esp. Tetovo)

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Romani

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an Indic language spoken by Roms (Gypsies)

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Çingene

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a Turkish equivalent of "Gypsy" (kīptī)

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Kīptī

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a Turkish equivalent of "Gypsy" (çingene)

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Geg

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the northern dialect group of Albanian

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Tosk

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the southern dialect group of Albanian

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Roman (Turkish)

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the Turkish equivalent of Rom

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Çengi

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a dancing girl. From Persian çeng "harp"; (no relation to çingene)

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Ashkalli

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Albanian speaking ethnic group of Romani origin

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Turoyo

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a form of Neo-Aramaic spoken by Christians in Turkey & Syria

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Neo-Aramaic

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A Semitic language/group of languages spoken by Christians in Turkey & adjacent regions (& some Jews in Israel)

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Bosnian

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an inhabitant of Bosnia OR Muslim speaker of the former Serbo-Croatian

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Bosniac

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a Bosnian Muslim OR Muslim speaker of the former Serbo-Croatian

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Hemshin/Hemshinli

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Armenian-speaking Muslims

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Shabbatai Tzvi

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A Jew born in Izmir who proclaimed himself the Messiah in 1648 & converted to Islam in 1666

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Dönme

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A follower of, or bliever in Shabbatai Tzvi; a Sabbatean

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QWX

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the letters that are indexical of Kurdish in Turkey (except in Trump Tower)

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Katharevousa

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Atticized Modern Greek (Demotic); "puristic" Greek

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Pomak

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Slavic-Speaking Muslim originally from what is now Bulgaria or Greek Thrace

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Torbesh

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Macedonian-speaking Muslims

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Goran

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Slavic-speaking Muslims from SW corner of Kosovo, OR one of the villages across the border in Albania

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Zazaki

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NW Iranian language in the same group as Kurdish

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Kurmanji

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Northern dialect of Kurdish (spoken in Turkey & Iraq)

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Sorani

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Southern dialect of Kurdish (spoken outside of Turkey)

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Persian

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most widely spoken southwest Iranian language

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Laz

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a Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language whose speakers are Muslim & live in Turkey

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Mingrelian

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language closest to Laz, spoken by Christians in Georgia

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Georgian

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only Kartvelian language with a literary tradition. Most speakers are Christians, but some (Adjarians) are Muslim

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Circassian

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NW Caucasian language once spoken by groups all ove the Ottoman Empire

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Nakh-Daghestanian

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The Northeast Caucasian language family, includes Lezgian, Lak & other languages (in Turkey)

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Molokhan

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a Russian-speaking Christian sect

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Karamanli

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Turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox Christian

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Sephardim

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Jews from Iberian peninsula; many settled in Ottoman Empire

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Ashkenazim

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Jews originally from territory of Holy Roman Empire; many settled in Eastern Europe

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Mizrahim

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Jews from Middle East, North Africa & Central Asia

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Romaniotes

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Greek-speaking Jews

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Ladino

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Hispanic language spoken by Sephardim

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Yiddish

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Germanic language spoken by Ashkenazim

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Yavanic

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Judeo-Greek spoken by the Romaniotes

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Altaic

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language family OR srachbund to which the Turkic languages belong

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Tungusic

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Altaic language group

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Chuvash

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only living language in Turkic group that belongs to sub-goup that included Hunnic, Khazar & Bulgar

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taxar/dokuz

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Chuvash/Turkish for "9" - illustrates the regular r/z correspondence that constitutes the major division within Turkic

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Turkistani

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collective term for Turkic-speakers of Central Asian origin in Turkey