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77 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
restrictive relative clause
The girl that is wearing the red shirt is my sister.
relativized object of a preposition
I'm longing for those country roads on (which) I played as a child.
relativized subject
the children (that) sat around his table touched it with their laughter
relative pronoun deletion
The song ( ) she sang to me warmed the night.
relativized possessive determiner
The old man (whose) table was made of wood and pride died and no one cried.
relative adverb substitution
The Globe was the theater (in which) most of Shakespear's plays were produced.
The Globe Theater was the theater (where) most of Shakespear's plays were produced.
relative pronoun+ be deletion
Harry Potter, (who is) played by Daniel Radcliff, attends Hogwarts.

Harry Potter,( ) played by Daniel Radcliff, attends Hogwarts.
head noun deletion
The Globe is (the theater) where most of Shakespears plays were produced.

The Globe is ( ) where most of Shakespears plays were produced.
relative adverb deletion
Do you remember the time, (when) we first me?

Do you remember the time, ( ) we first me?
nonrestrictive relative clause: appositive type
The students, who are often late, ran quickly down the hall.
nonrestrictive relative clause: commentary type
I ate a whole pizza, which did not sit well on my stomach.
wh-cleft
Who I blame is the doctor that agreed to help her.
it-cleft
It's the fat lip after visiting the dentist that I dislike.
emphatic do
I know I can't afford it, but I (do) want to buy a house.
emphatic reflexive
The doctor (herself) couldn't believe that the patient survived.
complementizer
I heard (that) this movie is good.
tensed that-clause
I heard (that this movie is good.)
complement
The president insisted (that the company not pay bonuses.)
subjunctive clause
The president insisted (that the company not pay bonuses.)
infinitive
The bus driver wanted (to throw the kid out the window.)
gerund
I regret (drinking all of the gin.)
purpose infinitive
The child screamed (to show how angry she was).
progressive infinitve
The bartender believed the customers (to be enjoying themselves.)
perfect infinitive
The bartender believed the customers to have been enjoying themselves.
raise to subject
Everyone seems to want a handout.
complex NP
The idea (that I could fail) is ludicrous to me.
Adjective Complement
The governor is inclined (to leagalize gay marriage).
clausal subject
(That we have to spend such a beautiful day inside) is a shame.
extrapostition
It's a shame (that we have to spend such a beautiful day inside).
easy to please construction
It is difficult to come up with a sentence.
A sentence is difficult to come up with.
reported that-clause
He said that you are a good friend.
indirect imperative
The neighbors asked that we not play the radio so loud.
indirect information question
Everyone wanted to know where you were last night.
indirect yes/no question
Many people wonder if the economy will get better.
backshifting
She said that she was hungry.
deictic time-adverbial shift
"We will go to the gym today and the bookstore tomorrow"
She said that we would go to the gym that day and the bookstore the day after.
deictic place-adverbial shift
"We will come back to this restaurant tomorrow."
He said that we would go back to that restaurant tomorrow.
deictic pronoun shift
"I am hungry"
She said that she is hungry.
The comparative construction
Washington DC is farther from here than New York.
The equative construction
Albany is as far from here as New York City.
Irregular comparative adverb
Bob bowled worse than his son.
absolute use of adjectives
Washington DC is far from here.
use of adverb to express degree.
Scott jumped higher than Alan during the pole vault.
Con + bat > Combat
en + bellish > embellish
labial assimilation
in+seg+t > insect
nub+t+ial> nuptial
voicing assimilation
pronunciation of -s is determined by preceding sound
progressive (left to right) assimilation
Ad+cur+ate > accurate
sub + gest > suggest
Total assimilation
Define assimilation
when a vowel or consonant changes to become more similar to a neighboring sound
Define consonant lenition
when a stop changes to become a fricative for ease of articulation
demo+crat+y> democracy
t lenition
define vowel lenition or raising
when a vowel in certain environments is rasied from low to mid front (A - lenition) or mid to high front (E - lenition)
art > inert
cand > incendiary
A lenition
define palatalization
Alveolar fricative /s/ that results from t lenition followed by alveopalatal glide /y/ changes further to /sh/
EX: eu+than+at+i > euthanasia
define affrication
t lenition that becomes /tsh/
EX: statue
inertia and patient are examples of . . .
palatalization
literature and virtue are examples of. . .
affrication
ex + lev + ate > elevate
X - drop
ex + spire > expire
S degemenation
an +gnos + tic > agnostic
N- Drop
anger + y > angry
Syllable syncopation
an+theo+ism > atheism

two vowels across morphemes
Vowel drop in hiatus
define epenthesis
inserting a sound between two other sounds.
single + ar > singular
table + ate> tabulate
vowel epenthesis
assume + tion > assumption
consonante epenthesis
define fossilized allomorphs
forms that are historically related, however their diffrences cannot be explained by an active and transparent phonetic rule
ges + t + ure > gesture
vs.
ges + und > gerund
Rhotacism
genetic - gonorrhea - cognate
gradation
triad - third
nurture - nutrition
metathesis
define Homophony
morphemes that sound alike
agnostic, avenue, afloat
diorama, differ, dilemma
affix homophony
abrade, radical radial
melody, melanoma, mellifluous
root homophony
define scope in semantic change
the range which the meaning of a word covers
define narrowing in scope
the meaning is more restricted than it used to be
define widening in scope
the meaning is broader than it used to be
define status in semantic change
the positive or negative associations of a word
define amelioration in status
the word has a more positive meaning than it once did
define pejoration in status
the word has a more negative meaning than it once did.