Perio- Ch 2 Microscopic Anatomy Of The Periodontium

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Histology

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branch of anatomy concerned with study of microscopic structures

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Tissue

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group of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.

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Cells

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smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently

group together to form tissues

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Extracellular matrix

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a mesh-like material that surrounds the cells; this material helps to hold cells together and provides a framework within which cells can migrate and interact with each other. consists of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

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Epithelial tissue

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tissue that makes up the outer surface of the body and lines the body cavities. Has many cells and sparse extracellular matrix. has a basal lamina that underlies the tissue. Does not have its own blood supply, gets it from underlying CT

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Stratified squamous epithelium

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type of epithelium that is composed of flat cells arranged in several layers that makes up the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity. closelt packed cells arranged in sheets. Sparse extracellular matrix

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Basal lamina

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a thin, tough sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the epithelial cells from the underlying connective tissue.

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Keratinization

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process by which epithelial cells on the surface of the skin become stronger and waterproof.

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Keratinized epithelial cells

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cells that have no nuclei and form a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin

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Nonkeratinized epithelial cells

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cells that have nuclei and act as a cushion against mechanical stress and wear. Softer and more flexible. found in mucosal lining of cheek to allow speaking, chewing, facial expression

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Connective tissue

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Tissue that fills the spaces between tissues and organs in the body; consists of sparse cells and abundant extracellular matrix. Fibers rather than cells give it its strength

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Epithelial-connective tissue interface

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boundary where epithelial and connective tissues meet. can be wavy of smooth

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Epithelial ridges

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deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into connective tissue. AKA rete pegs

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Connective tissue papillae

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finger-like extensions of connective tissue that extend up into the epithelium.

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Cell junction

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cellular structures that mechanically attach to a cell and its cytoskeleton to its neighboring cells or to the basal lamina

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Desmosome

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cell to cell junction.

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Hemidesmosome

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cell to basal lamina junction

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Gingival epithelium

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stratified squamous epithelium that functions well in a wet environment. Consists of OE, SE, and JE

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Oral epithelium OE

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epithelium that faces the oral cavity, covers the outer surface of the free and attached gingiva; extends from the crest of the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Only part of the periodontium visible to the naked eye. Keratinized or parakeratinized. wavy boundary CT junction

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Sulcular epithelium SE

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epithelium that faces the tooth surface. Nonkeratinized. Smooth boundary CT junction. Extends from the edge of the JE coronally to the crest of the gingival margin

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Junctional epithelium JE

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epithelium that forms the base of the sulcus, joins gingiva to tooth. Nonkeratinized. Smooth boundary CT junction. Provides protective barrier between biofilm and underlying CT of perio

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Internal basal lamina

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between JE and tooth

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External basal lamina

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between JE and gingival CT

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Supragingival fiber bundles

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keep gingiva attached to tooth. Network of collagen fiber bundles, coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone

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Dentogingival unit

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JE and gingival fibers- provides structural support to the gingival tissue

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Gingival fibers: alveologingival

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run from periosteum of alv. crest into gingival CT

attach gingiva to bone

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Gingival fibers: circular

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encircle tooth, coronal to crest, not attached to cementum

connect adjacent teeth to each other

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Gingival fibers: dentogingival

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Embedded near CEJ, fan out into gingival CT

attach gingiva to tooth

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Gingival fibers: periostogingival

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out laterally from periosteum of bone

attach gingiva to tooth

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Gingival fibers: intergingival

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extend in the MD direction thru the entire arch and around last tooth

Link adjacent teeth into dental arch

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Gingival fibers: intercircular

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Encircles several teeth

link adjacent teeth into dental arch

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Gingival fibers: interpapillary

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in papillae coronal to transseptal fiber bundles

connect oral and vestibular interdental papillae of the posterior teeth

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Gingival fibers: Transgingival

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from cementum near CEJ and runs horizontally between adjacent teeth

link adjacent teeth to a dental arch

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Gingival fibers: Transseptal

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from cementum of one tooth, over the crest to cementum of another tooth

connect adjacent teeth and secure allignment

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Collagen fibers

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fibers that form a dense network of strong, rope-like cables that secure and hold gingival CT together

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PDL

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thin sheet of connective tissue located between the tooth and its bony socket. composed of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts

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Fiber bundles of the PDL

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specialized CT that surrounds the tooth and connects to the alv bone

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PDL fibers: alveolar crest fibers

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extend downward from cementum to alv crest

resist horizontal movement of the tooth

bungee cords

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PDL fibers: horizontal fibers

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run in horizontal direction from cementum to bone apical to alv crest fibers

resist horizontal pressure against crown of tooth

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PDL fibers: oblique fibers

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run in diagonal direction apical to horizontl fibers

resist vertical pressure that would drive tooth into socker

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PDL fibers: apical fiber group

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extend from tooth apex to bone

resists forces that would lift tooth out of socket

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PDL fibers: interradicular fibers

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furcation area

stabalize tooth in its socket

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Sharpeys fibers of the PDL

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ends of PDL that are embedded in cementum and alv bone. Anchor points, glue dots. attachment occurs when bone and cementum are forming

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Cementum

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calcified CT that covers the root of the tooth. Densely packed collagen fibers held together with organic matrix. contains no blood vessels or nerves

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Acellular cementum

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contains no cementocytes. First cementum to be formed. covers cervical third or half. not produced during the life of the tooth

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cellular cementum

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does contain cementocytes. continues to form after tooth eruption. less calcified than AC cementum. deposited at intervals thoughout life of tooth. thicker than AC

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OMG

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relationship of cementum to enamel at CEJ

60% overlap

30% meet

10% gap