Perio Ch 6 All

Front 1

Bacterium/bacteria

Back 1

the smallest and simplest organisms that can be seen through a microscope

Front 2

Innocuous

Back 2

species of bacteria that are not harmful

Front 3

pathogenic

Back 3

species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease

Front 4

virulent

Back 4

species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease, another term for pathogenic

Front 5

Cell membrane

Back 5

a tough protective layer that encloses nearly all bacteria

Front 6

gram staining

Back 6

a laboratory method that reveals differences in the chemical and physical propertiesof bacterial cell membranes

Front 7

gram-positive bacteria

Back 7

stain purple, have a single thick cell membrane, associated with healthy perio

Front 8

gram-negative bacteria

Back 8

stain red, have double cell membranes, believed to play an important role in the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis

Front 9

aerobic bacteria

Back 9

bacteria that require oxygen to live.

Front 10

anerobic bacteria

Back 10

bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen

Front 11

facultative anaerobic bacteria

Back 11

bacteria that can exist either with or without oxygen

Front 12

biofilm

Back 12

a well organized community of bacteria that adheres to a surface and is embedded in an extracellular slime layer; forms rapidly on almost any surface that is wet.

Front 13

extracellular slime layer

Back 13

a protective barrier that surrounds the mushroom-shaped bacterial microcolonies of a biofilm; protects the bacterial microcolonies from antibiotics, antimicrobials, and immune response

Front 14

nonmotile

Back 14

bacteria not capable of movement. most bacteria in a healthy site fall into this category

Front 15

A. actinomycetemcomitans

Back 15

microorganism strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis. capable of evading host immune response and of destroying gingival connective tissue and bone

Front 16

T. forsythia

Back 16

microorganism associated with periodontitis. Most significant microbial risk factor that distinguishes subjects with periodontitis from healthy. most common species on or in epithelial cells from perio pockets.

Front 17

P. gingivalis

Back 17

microorganism found in low numbers in health/gingivitis and in higher numbers in periodontitis. Detected in aggressive forms of periodontitis. Inhibits migration of leukocytes across epithelial barrier. induces elevated host immune response

Front 18

Mixed infection

Back 18

periodontal disease is not caused by one organism but a "bacterial soup"

Front 19

transmission

Back 19

transfer of perio pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another

Front 20

communicable

Back 20

refers to a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances such as inanimate objects

Front 21

acquired pellicle

Back 21

a film that forms over the tooth, composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins (mucins) and antibodies

Front 22

fimbriae

Back 22

hairlike structures found on some bacteria. enable rapid attachment upon contact with the tooth surface

Front 23

bacterial blooms

Back 23

periods when specific species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates

Front 24

mushroom-shaped microcolonies

Back 24

Phase 5- mature biofilm- bacteria cluster together, they are attached to the tooth surface at a narrow base

Front 25

extracellular slime layer

Back 25

a dense protective barrier that surrounds the bacterial microcolonies

Front 26

fluid forces

Back 26

- of the saliva surrounding the biofilm, influence the shape of the plaque biofilm as well as the spatial arrangement of the bacteria inside

Front 27

fluid channels

Back 27

penetrate the extracellular slime layer- direct fluids in and around the biofilm- bringing nutrients and oxygen- carrying away waste products

Front 28

coaggregation

Back 28

the cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another

Front 29

Tooth- associated plaque biofilm

Back 29

bacteria that are attached to the tooth surface

Front 30

Tissue-associated plaque biofilm

Back 30

bacteria that adhere to the epithelium

Front 31

Unattached bacteria

Back 31

free floating bacteria that are not part of the biofilm

Front 32

virulence factors

Back 32

the mechanisms that enable biofilm bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium

Front 33

peptides

Back 33

short chains of amino acids found in living bacterial cell membranes that control the transport of molecules in and out of the bacterial cell

Front 34

exotoxins

Back 34

harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that act on host cells at a distance

Front 35

leukotoxin

Back 35

an exotoxin that may enable bacteria to destroy leukocytes in the sulcus or pocket

Front 36

bacterial enzymes

Back 36

agents that are harmful or destructive to host cells

Front 37

dormant bacteria

Back 37

bacteria in an inactive state in order to survive adverse environmental conditions