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14 Cards in this Set

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Leukocytes
Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBC)

FUNCTION:
(1) Primary infection-fighting blood cells
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes

Red Blood cells (RBC)

FUNCTION:
(1) Blood cells involved in the TRANSPORT of oxygen and CO2
Platelets
Platelets

Formed elements in the blood which develop when megakaryocytes disintegrate.

FUNCTION:
(1) Platelets are involved in hemostasis and bloodclotting
Granulocytes
Granulocytes-

A mature leukocyte that contains multi-lobed & VERY VISIBLE cytoplasmic GRANULES

*which are colored by specific types of dyes e.g Wright Stain

EXAMPLES: (N-E-B)
(1) Neutrophils
(2) Eosinophils
(3) Basophils
Neutrophils-

(1) comprise 60-70% of all leukocytes
(2) Contain LILAC GRANULES (retains neutral stains)
(3) Has MULTI-LOBED NUCLEUS
(4) Usually elevated during BACTERIAL infections

FUNCTION:
(1) active PHAGOCYTIC cell in bacterial infection
Eosinophils

(1) Comprise 2-4% of all leukocytes
(2) Have BI-LOBED NUCLEUS
(3) Their granules stain ORANGE/RED
(4) Usually elevated during PARASITIC infections & ALLERGIC REACTIONS

FUNCTION:
?
Basophils
Basophils-

(1) Comprise 0.5-1.0% of leukocytes
(2) BI-LOBED/S-SHAPED nucleus
(3) Their granules stain DARK BLUE

FUNCTION:
(1) Release HEPARIN, HISTAMINE and other chemicals to induce allergic responses
(2) enhance INFLAMMATORY response
(3) Binds to IgE
Agranulocytes-

(1) One form of a leukocyte
(2) contains a SINGLE, ROUND, DENTED/non-lobed nuclei
(3) LACKS visible cytoplasmic GRANULES

CATEGORIES:
(1) Monocytes
(2) Lymphocytes
Monocytes-

(1) These are LARGE leukocytes
(2) DENTED/BEAN Shaped
Lymphocytes-

(1) SMALLER leukocytes
(2) Relatively LARGE, ROUND nucleus
(3) very LITTLE cytoplasm
(4) 2nd most common form of WBC
CATEGORIES:
(1) B cells (specific immunity)
(2) T cells (specific immunity)
(3) NK cells (non-specific immunity)
Non-Specific Mechanism
Non-Specific Mechanism

(1) The 1st LINE OF DEFENSE
(2) enables the body to defend against ANY microbe

INCLUDES:
(1) physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
(2) chemical factors (gastric juice, lysozyme in tears).
(3) antimicrobial substances (complement & interferons)
(4) phagocytic cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes & macrophages)
(5) NK cells
Specific Mechanism
Specific Mechanism-

(1) may be triggered by a microbe

FUNCTION:
(1) aids in the DESTRUCTION of SPECIFIC MICROBES
(2) B & T lymphocytes involved

TYPES:
(1) Humoral immunity
(2) Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral Immunity
Humoral Immunity-

(1) SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
(2) B-lymphocytes are stimulated to mature into antibody-producing PLASMA cells

MAIN FUNCTION:
(1) The antibodies RECOGNIZE & REACT with SPECIFIC ANTIGENS on the surface of the microbe in a highly SELECTIVE fashion
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity-

(1) SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
(2) T-lymphocytes that DIFFERENTIATE into several subclasses of T cells (Helper T cell, Cytotoxic T cell etc)

MAIN FUNCTION:
(1) T cells produced a VARIETY of PROTEINS & TOXINS
(2) to help eliminate SPECIFIC microbes or microbe infected cells