Microbiology Lab, Bio222

Front 1

resolution

Back 1

ability distinguish detail

Front 2

magnification

Back 2

ability to enlarge an image

Front 3

contrast

Back 3

difference in color that allows distinguishing detail

Front 4

good microscopy is dependent on ---

Back 4

resolution, magnification, and contrast are necessary for -

Front 5

eyepeice lens

Back 5

oculars - the glass things you put your eye up to and look through...

Front 6

interpupillar distance scale

Back 6

adjustment for distance between two eyepeice lenses

Front 7

binocular tubes

Back 7

the cylinders behind the ocular lenses

Front 8

microscope frame

Back 8

the housing of the magnification instrument

Front 9

revolving nosepeice

Back 9

revolving nosepeice not pictured here.

Front 10

objective lenses

Back 10

the four or five things labeled 4x, 10x, etc...

Front 11

stage

Back 11

the place you put microscope slides

Front 12

specimen holder

Back 12

the little arm that holds a slide in place by its edge, against some other edges...

Front 13

mechanical stage control: x-axis knob and y-axis knob

Back 13

knobs that adjust the position of the stage, and thus also the slide on the stage; these knobs are connected to the stage.

Front 14

condenser

Back 14

The thing below the stage that focuses the light onto a point on the stage; it is above the clear space and above the light source, above the aperture iris diaphragm. Not attached to base--attached to stage.

Front 15

light source

Back 15

the thing attached to the base where the light comes from, below the field iris diaphragm.

Front 16

coarse focus adjustement knob

Back 16

attached to the frame, it /quickly/ adjusts the distance of the stage from the objective lenses

Front 17

fine focus adjustment knob

Back 17

The second, smaller knob which adjusts the stage's height (distance from objective lenses)

Front 18

light intensity control knob

Back 18

adjusts how bright the light is; it has numerals around it, so it looks like a dial.

Front 19

main switch

Back 19

rocker switch with O and I printed on the two edges.

Front 20

base

Back 20

The bottom of the microscope...

Front 21

Steps to clean a microscope

Back 21

get a kimwipe, wipe ocular lenses,objective lenses (low to high power), condenser lenses, microscope slide; clean oil immersion lens last or avoid getting oil from it everywhere. Also clean the stage.

Front 22

amylase

Back 22

enzyme which hydrolizes large starch molecules

Front 23

starch agar

Back 23

flooded with iodine after incubation; starch turns purple/brown; clear zone means amylase digested starch

Front 24

casein

Back 24

principal protein in milk; responsible for white color

Front 25

proteases

Back 25

enzymes that hydrolize protein.

Front 26

skim milk agar

Back 26

nutrient agar supplemented with skim milk; clear zones develop where --- enzymes digest ---

Front 27

fat molecule consists of

Back 27

one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules

Front 28

lipase

Back 28

enzyme that digests fat molecules

Front 29

spirit blue agar

Back 29

medium contains vegetable oil; when it is digested pH decreases and medium makes a dark --- precipitate; sometimes pH doesn't lower enough so you just examine for clear zone of oil drops.

Front 30

DNAse or deoxyribonuclease

Back 30

digests dna

Front 31

DNA test agar

Back 31

contains methyl green and emulsion of ----; has blue-green color, clear zones show that ---- has been broken down.

Front 32

catalase

Back 32

enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Front 33

hydrogen peroxide on bacteria making bubbles means

Back 33

means (is a test showing) that bacteria produce catalase

Front 34

mannitol-salt agarr

Back 34

a selective and differential medium which turns from red to yellow where mannitol fermentation occurs

Front 35

Staph. aureus has this biochemical characteristic

Back 35

species that ferments mannitol

Hint 35

s.a. and m.

Front 36

What is mannitol?

Back 36

a sugar that some bacteria ferment.

Front 37

macconkey's agar

Back 37

contains crystal violet which inhibits growth of gram pos bacteria; contains lactose sugar and pH indicator that turns red when lactose is fermented.

Front 38

Biochemical characteristics of bacteria

Back 38

help to distinguish bacteria; some examples include enzymes produced, etc.

Front 39

colony shapes

Back 39

circular, irregular, punctiform

Front 40

punctiform

Back 40

little separate dots as a colony shape

Front 41

irregular shape

Back 41

colony shape that has rough or undulating edges, like a cloud or a thought bubble or something.

Front 42

circular colony shape

Back 42

colony shape that is nice and round.

Front 43

entire margin

Back 43

colony margin that is smooth

Front 44

undulate

Back 44

colony margin is wavy

Front 45

lobate - lobes

Back 45

colony margin has fingerlike edges called -- means the colony margin is --

Front 46

filamentous

Back 46

colony margin where colony looks like many wires or streamers or something.

Front 47

colony margin types

Back 47

smooth, wavy, lobate, filamentous

Front 48

colony elevations

Back 48

flat, raised, convex, pulvinate, umbonate

Front 49

pulvinate

Back 49

like a half sphere (colony elevation)

Front 50

umbonate

Back 50

like a half sphere, surrounded by, or within, a raised colony elevation. basically, it has a cap.

Front 51

colony textures

Back 51

moist, mucoid, and dry

Front 52

wet texture is called

Back 52

moist

Front 53

jelly like texture is called

Back 53

mucoid

Front 54

granular texture is called

Back 54

dry

Front 55

common bacteria colony colors

Back 55

white, red, pink, yellow. Other colors have been observed.

Front 56

optical properties of a colony

Back 56

opaque, translucent, shiny, dull

Front 57

basic dyes

Back 57

contian positively charged ions that are attracted to and color bacterial cells.

Front 58

acidic dye characteristics

Back 58

contain negatively charged ions and are repelled by bacterial cells; tend to color the background.

Front 59

acidic dye is aka --

Back 59

negative dye

Front 60

differential stain

Back 60

stains bacteria two different color; useful for identifying and classifying microbes.

Front 61

special stain

Back 61

causes specific parts of a cell to be visible, such as capsules, endospores, or flagella.

Front 62

gram stain

Back 62

CV, Iodine, Alcohol wash, Safranin

Front 63

gram positives have this color

Back 63

cells with gram stains of purple are called/classified as --

Front 64

gram positives have this color

Back 64

cells with gram stains of PURPLE are called/classified as --