[Microbiology]: Lab Final

Front 1

T-Soy Agar is used to grow _

Back 1

normal heterotrophic bacteria;

Front 2

SDA is used to grow _

Back 2

Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar- used for growing fungi;

Front 3

What prevents bacterial growth on SDA?

Back 3

Its low pH

Front 4

Enrichment-type Agars are used for growing _

Back 4

Fastidious microbes

Front 5

Selective-type Agars are used for _

Back 5

Allowing the growth of some type of microbes while inhibiting the growth of another type.

Front 6

Differential-type Agars _

Back 6

Contain dyes and indicators which color different bacterias

Front 7

Blood Agar is __% Vertebrate whole blood?

Back 7

6-10%

Front 8

To create blood agar, the blood is added to melted agar and cooled to

Back 8

45-50°C

Front 9

Blood agar is used to grow

Back 9

bacteria who need the nutrients found in vertebrate blood

Front 10

Blood agar is used to detect

Back 10

Hemolysis by bacteria

Front 11

If Staph. aureus was cultured on blood agar, which bacterial process would be able to be detected?

Back 11

Hemolysis

Front 12

Chocolate agar is _% Vertebrate whole blood

Back 12

5-10%

Front 13

When making chocolate agar, the blood is added to nutrient agar and cooled to _

Back 13

80°C

Front 14

Blood Agar is which type of agar?

Back 14

Enrichment

Front 15

Chocolate Agar is which type?

Back 15

Enrichment

Front 16

One advantage of using chocolate agar over blood agar is _

Back 16

Chocolate agar has a longer shelf life

Front 17

Why does chocolate agar appear brown?

Back 17

The blood cells are lysed

Front 18

Staphylococcus medium no. 110 is which type of agar?

Back 18

Selective

Front 19

Staphylococcus medium no. 110 is used for growing ?

Back 19

Halophiles

Front 20

What ingredient in Staphylococcus medium no. 110 allows for Halophiles to grow easily?

Back 20

NaCl

Front 21

What percentage of NaCl is added to create Staphylococcus medium no. 110?

Back 21

7.5%

Front 22

Brilliant Green Agar is which type?

Back 22

Selective

Front 23

Brilliant Green Agar allows for the growth of?

Back 23

Salmonella

Front 24

What is added to Brilliant Green Agar?

Back 24

Brilliant Green dye

Front 25

how will Salmonella colonies appear on Brilliant Green agar?

Back 25

Pink surrounded by a bright red

Front 26

Bacteria other than salmonella may grow on brilliant green agar if they ferment ________ or _____

Back 26

lactose or sucrose

Front 27

Bacteria colonies other than salmonella growing on brilliant green agar will appear _____

Back 27

Surrounded with a yellow-green hue

Front 28

Transgrow agar is which type

Back 28

Selective

Front 29

Transgrow agar is used to grow ___

Back 29

Niesseria gonorrhoea

Front 30

What are the components of transgrow agar?

Back 30

Chocolate agar + 3 antibiotics

Front 31

Transgrow agar is usually grown in

Back 31

a screwcap bottle

Front 32

Why is transgrow agar grown in a screwcap bottle?

Back 32

**********************Awaiting answer**

Front 33

EMB Agar is which type?

Back 33

Differential

Front 34

EMB Agar is used to determine

Back 34

if sucrose and lactose are fermented or not

Front 35

EMB agar is enriched with

Back 35

Sucrose and lactose

Front 36

Which stains are added to EMB agar?

Back 36

Methylene blue and Eosin

Front 37

Bacterial colonies grown on EMB agar that ferment sucrose and lactose will appear

Back 37

purple with a green sheen

Front 38

MacConkey Agar is which type?

Back 38

Differential

Front 39

MacConkey agar is used to ____

Back 39

Distinguish between pathogenic salmonella and non-pathogens present in feces or urine

Front 40

MacConkey agar is made of nutrient agar with ___________ added

Back 40

Neutral red dye

Front 41

MacConkey agar prevents this type of bacteria from growing

Back 41

Gram (+)

Front 42

Coliform bacteria grown on MacConkey agar will appear ___

Back 42

Red or pinkish

Front 43

Pathogenic salmonella grown on MacConkey agar will appear ____

Back 43

clear

Front 44

What is the purpose of the streak plate and pour plate methods?

Back 44

To isolate pure colonies from a mixture of bacterial species

Front 45

When growing anaerobes, would you use the streak plate or pour plate method?

Back 45

Pour plate

Front 46

Place loopful on plate, pull 3 or 4 lines, flame, without re-inoculating, drag 3 or 4 lines through those lines, flame, This method is known as

Back 46

Radiant streak method

Front 47

Mixing bacterial mixtures in melted agar, transferring some from the previous tube into the next, and then pouring each tube into a petri dish.
This method is known as

Back 47

Pour plate method

Front 48

In the radiant streak experiment, pure colonies were most easily found where?

Back 48

the last set of streaks made

Front 49

The experiment "Effect of Incubation Temp. on microbial growth" demonstrated that ____ is the optimum incubation temperature for bacteria and fungi

Back 49

36°C

Front 50

In the effect of incubation temperature on microbial growth lab, why was Bacillus thurengesis the only species to show growth after incubation at 100°C?

Back 50

It forms spores which protect it from the heat

Front 51

at <0°C, bacterial growth is ____

Back 51

slowed (not stopped)

Front 52

Thermophiles

Back 52

Microbes which thrive in high temperatures

Front 53

Mesophiles

Back 53

Prefer room-temp/ moderate temp. (like 36°C)

Front 54

Psychrophiles

Back 54

Prefer colder temps

Front 55

In the thermal death point lab, after placing the tube of bacteria in it's designated temperature for 10 minutes, it was placed into an ice bath. Why?

Back 55

To stop the heating effect on the bacteria

Front 56

When determining if bacterial growth is present in a nutrient broth, what 3 things do you need to look for?

Back 56

Pellicle, sediment, and turbidity

Front 57

Pellicle

Back 57

A clump of bacteria floating at the top of a nutrient broth

Front 58

Sediment

Back 58

A clump of bacteria that has settled to the bottom of a tube of nutrient broth

Front 59

Turbidity

Back 59

bacteria visibly suspended throughout the nutrient broth

Front 60

The osmotic gradient of a solution is manipulated by

Back 60

adding different concentrations of solute

Front 61

The Swab technique

Back 61

"Paint" The entire surface of the agar with the culture (up & down squiggles then left and right squiggles

Front 62

Solute

Back 62

Solid- in osmotic gradient lab, either sugar or NaCl

Front 63

Solvent

Back 63

Liquid- in osmotic gradient lab, it was nutrient agar

Front 64

Increased amount of solute = _____ osmotic pressure

Back 64

increased

Front 65

An increased osmotic pressure makes water _____ available to bacteria

Back 65

Less

Front 66

Can fungi or bacteria grow better in a higher osmotic pressure environment?

Back 66

Fungi

Front 67

Why can fungi grow better in an environment with high osmotic pressure?

Back 67

Because they can get water from the atmosphere

Front 68

Why is salt a more effective solute than sugar in the osmotic gradient lab?

Back 68

The salt breaks into ions when NaCl is dissolved (sugar does not)

Front 69

What is a pH indicator?

Back 69

A chemical that changes color in response to pH levels

Front 70

Phenol red in an acidic environment will be what color?

Back 70

Yellow

Front 71

Phenol red in a basic environment will be what color?

Back 71

Red

Front 72

Methyl Red in an acidic environment will be what color?

Back 72

Red

Front 73

Methyl Red in a basic environment will be what color?

Back 73

Yellow

Front 74

Three monosaccharides:

Back 74

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Front 75

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have the same empirical formula. What is the difference between the 3?

Back 75

The arrangement of atoms

Front 76

All known life forms use only the ___ forms of sugars?
(D-form or L-form)

Back 76

D-form

Front 77

All known life forms use only the ___ forms of amino acids? (D-form or L-form)

Back 77

L-form

Front 78

Dextrose is the ___ form of glucose

Back 78

D-form (D-Glucose)

Front 79

Sucrose=

Back 79

Glucose + Fructose

Front 80

Lactose=

Back 80

Glucose + Galactose

Front 81

Maltose=

Back 81

Glucose + Glucose

Front 82

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose are all _____

Back 82

Disaccharides

Front 83

What materials can block UV Rays as learned in the UV experiment?

Back 83

Card stock, clear plastic

Front 84

Does UV light kill spores?

Back 84

NO

Front 85

Did microbes grow where covered with clear plastic and were exposed to UV for 3 minutes?

Back 85

Yes, because it blocks UV

Front 86

Did microbes grow where exposed to UV for >1 min?

Back 86

No, excluding B. cereus

Front 87

Did microbes grow when exposed to UV for 30 seconds?

Back 87

Most did

Front 88

What was the only disinfectant to kill spores in the experiment?

Back 88

Formalin

Front 89

What is Mueller-Hinton Agar used for?

Back 89

Antibiotic sensitivity testing

Front 90

What are disinfectants?

Back 90

Germicides designed for use on surfaces

Front 91

What are antiseptics?

Back 91

Germicides designed for use on living tissue

Front 92

What is a zone of inhibition?

Back 92

A clear circle around an antibiotic sensitivity disc where bacteria did not grow.

Front 93

What does a zone of inhibition conclude?

Back 93

The effectiveness of an antibiotic

Front 94

To test for hydrolysis of starch, what medium is used?

Back 94

Starch agar

Front 95

To test for hydrolysis of starch, what is the end product

Back 95

simple sugar

Front 96

To test for hydrolysis of starch, what is the reagent

Back 96

iodine

Front 97

To test for hydrolysis of starch, what is a positive result

Back 97

unchanged

Front 98

To test for hydrolysis of starch, what is a negative result

Back 98

dark purple color around colonies

Front 99

To test for hydrolysis of Caesin, what medium is used

Back 99

skim milk agar

Front 100

To test for hydrolysis of Caesin, what is the reagent

Back 100

None

Front 101

To test for hydrolysis of Caesin, what is the end product?

Back 101

single amino acids

Front 102

To test for hydrolysis of Caesin, what is a positive result?

Back 102

Clear around bacterial colonies

Front 103

To test for hydrolysis of Caesin, what is a negative result

Back 103

Opaque around colonies

Front 104

What is caesin?

Back 104

milk protein

Front 105

In testing for hydrolysis of lipids, what medium is used?

Back 105

Spirit blue agar

Front 106

In testing for hydrolysis of lipids, what is the reagent

Back 106

lipase reagent

Front 107

In testing for hydrolysis of lipids, what is the end product?

Back 107

glycerol & fatty acid

Front 108

In testing for hydrolysis of lipids, what is a + result?

Back 108

Dark blue percipitate areound colonies

Front 109

In testing for hydrolysis of lipids, what is a negative result?

Back 109

No precipitate

Front 110

In testing for hydrolysis of Tryptophane, what medium is used?

Back 110

T-soy broth

Front 111

In testing for hydrolysis of Tryptophane, what is the end product?

Back 111

Indole

Front 112

In testing for hydrolysis of Tryptophane, what is the reagent?

Back 112

Kovac's reagent

Front 113

In testing for hydrolysis of Tryptophane, what is a positive result?

Back 113

Red at top of tube

Front 114

In testing for hydrolysis of Tryptophane, what is a negative result?

Back 114

Medium unchaged

Front 115

In testing for hydrolysis of urea, what medium is used?

Back 115

urea broth

Front 116

In testing for hydrolysis of urea, what is the end product?

Back 116

ammonia

Front 117

In testing for hydrolysis of urea, what reagent is used?

Back 117

Phenol red

Front 118

In testing for hydrolysis of urea, what is a positive result?

Back 118

Medium turns red

Front 119

In testing for hydrolysis of urea, what is a negative resuly?

Back 119

medium orange-yellow

Front 120

IN testing for reduction of Sodium Thisulfate, what medium is used?

Back 120

Triple sugar iron agar

Front 121

IN testing for reduction of Sodium Thisulfate, what reagent is used?

Back 121

Iron sulfate

Front 122

IN testing for reduction of Sodium Thisulfate, what is the end product?

Back 122

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Front 123

IN testing for reduction of Sodium Thisulfate, what is a positive result?

Back 123

Medium turns black

Front 124

IN testing for reduction of Sodium Thisulfate, what is a negative result?

Back 124

medium does not turn black

Front 125

In testing for oxidation of citrate, what medium is used?

Back 125

Simmon's citrate agar

Front 126

In testing for oxidation of citrate, what reagent is used?

Back 126

Brom Thymol Blue

Front 127

In testing for oxidation of citrate, what is the end product

Back 127

Alkali

Front 128

In testing for oxidation of citrate, what is a positive result?

Back 128

Blue medium

Front 129

In testing for oxidation of citrate, what is a negative result?

Back 129

Green medium

Front 130

In testing for coagulation of casein, what medium is used?

Back 130

Litmus milk broth

Front 131

In testing for coagulation of casein, what reagent is used?

Back 131

None

Front 132

In testing for coagulation of casein, what is the end product?

Back 132

Curds

Front 133

In testing for coagulation of casein, what is a positive result?

Back 133

Curds present

Front 134

In testing for coagulation of casein, what is a negative result?

Back 134

no curds

Front 135

In testing for fermentation of glucose, which two mediums can be used?

Back 135

MR-VP or Phenol Red broth

Front 136

In testing for fermentation of glucose, the end product is?

Back 136

Acid/ acid + gas

Front 137

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using Phenol Red broth, what reagent is used?

Back 137

Phenol Red

Front 138

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using Phenol Red broth, what is a positive result?

Back 138

Yellow medium, gas in durham tube

Front 139

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using Phenol Red broth, what is a negative result?

Back 139

Red medium, no gas in durham tube

Front 140

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using MRVP Medium, what reagent is used?

Back 140

Methyl Red

Front 141

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using MRVP Medium, what is a positive result?

Back 141

Red medium

Front 142

In testing for fermentation of glucose when using MRVP Medium, what is a negative result

Back 142

yellow medium

Front 143

When testing for fermentation of sucrose, what medium is used?

Back 143

Phenol Red broth

Front 144

When testing for fermentation of sucrose, what reagent is used?

Back 144

Phenol red

Front 145

When testing for fermentation of sucrose, what is the end product?

Back 145

acid

Front 146

When testing for fermentation of sucrose, what is a positive result?

Back 146

Yellow + gas in durham tube

Front 147

When testing for fermentation of sucrose, what is a negative result?

Back 147

red, no gas in durham tube

Front 148

When testing for fermentation of lactose, what two media can be used?

Back 148

Litmus milk broth or phenol red broth

Front 149

When testing for fermentation of lactose, what is the end product?

Back 149

Acid

Front 150

When testing for fermentation of lactose using litmus milk broth, what reagent is used?

Back 150

Blue litmus

Front 151

When testing for fermentation of lactose using litmus milk broth, what is a positive result?

Back 151

Pink medium

Front 152

When testing for fermentation of lactose using litmus milk broth, what is a negative result?

Back 152

unchanged medium

Front 153

When testing for fermentation of lactose using phenol red broth, what reagent is used?

Back 153

Phenol red

Front 154

When testing for fermentation of lactose using phenol red broth, what is a positive result?

Back 154

Yellow, gas in durham tube

Front 155

When testing for fermentation of lactose using phenol red broth, what is a negative result?

Back 155

Red, no gas

Front 156

When testing for aerobic oxidation of glucose, what medium is used?

Back 156

MRVP medium

Front 157

When testing for aerobic oxidation of glucose, what reagent is used?

Back 157

Barrit's A + B

Front 158

When testing for aerobic oxidation of glucose, what is the end product?

Back 158

Acetocin

Front 159

When testing for aerobic oxidation of glucose, what is a positive result?

Back 159

pink

Front 160

When testing for aerobic oxidation of glucose, what is a negative result?

Back 160

Not pink

Front 161

When detecting the enzyme catalase, what medium is used?

Back 161

T-soy agar slants

Front 162

When detecting the enzyme catalase, what is the reagent?

Back 162

H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)

Front 163

When detecting the enzyme catalase, what is a positive result?

Back 163

Bubbles form

Front 164

When detecting the enzyme catalase, what is a negative result?

Back 164

No bubbles

Front 165

When detecting the enzyme oxidase, what medium is used?

Back 165

T-soy agar plate

Front 166

When detecting the enzyme oxidase, what reagent is used

Back 166

Dry slide

Front 167

When detecting the enzyme oxidase, what is a positive result

Back 167

purple

Front 168

When detecting the enzyme oxidase, what is a negative result

Back 168

unchanged

Front 169

Liquid thioglycollate medium is useful for determining

Back 169

the oxygen requirements of organisms

Front 170

Liquid thioglycollate medium will remove what in the medium?

Back 170

Oxygen

Front 171

When the growth is concentrated at the top of Liquid thioglycollate medium, what can be concluded?

Back 171

The organism is an obligate aerobe

Front 172

When the growth is concentrated at the bottom of Liquid thioglycollate medium, what can be concluded?

Back 172

The organism is an obligate anareobe

Front 173

When the growth is concentrated at the top of Liquid thioglycollate medium and less concentrated towards the bottom, what can be concluded?

Back 173

The organism is a facultative anaerobe

Front 174

When the growth is even throughout Liquid thioglycollate medium, what can be concluded?

Back 174

the organism is an aerotolerant anaerobe

Front 175

blood agar is useful for growing what specific type of pathogen?

Back 175

urinary pathogens

Front 176

What temp. does agar solidify at?

Back 176

42 C

Front 177

Desoxycholate lactose agar DLA Agar is what type?

Back 177

Selective

Front 178

Desoxycholate lactose agar (DLA) selects FOR

Back 178

Gram (-) bacteria

Front 179

Desoxycholate lactose agar selects against

Back 179

Gram (+) organisms

Front 180

PEA-B Selects against

Back 180

Gram (-)

Front 181

PEA-B Selects for

Back 181

Gram (+)

Front 182

Lactobacillus count method

Back 182

Determines # of lactobacillus cells/ml of saliva

Front 183

What medium is used when selecting for acid-tolerant bacterial species in saliva?

Back 183

Rogosa SL Agar

Front 184

Lactobacillus and strep. mutans are ?

Back 184

acidophiles

Front 185

How is the # of lactobacillus cells calculated?

Back 185

count # of colonies, multiply by reciprocal of dilution

Front 186

> 50,000 lactobacillus count is an indicator of ____

Back 186

poor oral hygiene, increased susceptibility to dental carries

Front 187

What is the lactobacillus activity method?

Back 187

Determines carries susceptibilities by determining the rate of acid production by lactobacillus

Front 188

Snyder test agar is used for?

Back 188

Lactobacillus activity determination

Front 189

Snyder test agar selects for

Back 189

aero-tolerant bacteria

Front 190

Snyder test agar selects against

Back 190

non-acidophiles

Front 191

What indicator is added to Snyder test agar to indicate changes in pH??

Back 191

Bromcersol Green

Front 192

Low pH in snyder test agar is displayed by

Back 192

Yellow color

Front 193

High pH in snyder test agar is shown by

Back 193

Green color

Front 194

Demineralization of tooth enamel begins at what pH?

Back 194

5.5

Front 195

If the lactobacillus activity method test shows results within 24hrs, this means

Back 195

highest susceptibility to dental caries

Front 196

If the lactobacillus activity method test doesn't show results within 72 hours, this means

Back 196

there is no risk of dental caries