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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immune Disorders
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Hypersensitivities - IR to environmental antigens (allergens)
Autoimmunity - IR to self proteins Immune Deficiencies - failure to respond —> infection Transplantation Rejection - IR to foreign proteins in transplant |
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AMI (Antibody mediated Immune Response)
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Type I
IgE -(Classic, Anaphylactic, or Immediate) Type II - (Cytotoxic) Type III - (Immune Complex) |
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CMI (Cell Mediated Immune Response)
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Type IV -Tc and Th1 response to an antigen
(Cell mediated) |
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Type I IgE
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(Classic, Anaphylactic,
or Immediate) Mast cells verses environmental antigens (allergens) |
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Type II (Cytotoxic)
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IgG / IgM and complement verses cell surface antigen
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Type III (Immune Complex)
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IgG / IgM verses soluble antigen
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Allergens : Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions
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Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions
STEPS |
Initial allergen exposure induces IgE production
IgE “sensitizes” mast cells Fc of IgE attaches to mast cell surface receptor Subsequent allergen exposure Fc receptors cross linked Degranulation |
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Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions
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IgG or IgM antibodies verses cell surface antigen
Presence of Ag-Ab complex activates complement Inflammation Complement activation causes cell lysis ( membrane attack complex) Damage by enzymes released by neutrophiles Ex: Transfusion Reactions Hemolytic Disease of Newborn Drug induced Thrombocytopenia |
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Mismatch of ABO Blood Group
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
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Drug-induced Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions
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Allergic pneumonitis
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bat guano
moldy hay pigeon breeders lung malt workers lung |
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Type IV (Cell-Mediated) Reactions
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Inappropiate CMI response (Tc or Ti cells)
1. Contact sensitivity Incitants adsorbed into skin act as haptenes 2. Allergy of Infection Ex: Tuberculosis Th1 (inflammatory) response (CMI) chronic inflammation Tubercule EX Poison ivy |
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Haptens
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Haptens
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Contact Sensitivity
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Contact Sensitivity
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Autoimmunity
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is loss of self-tolerance
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Autoimmune Diseases
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IgG antibody against cell surface, matrix antigen, or receptor (type II)
IgG and soluble antigen Immune complex disease (type III) Tc and T inflammatory cells T-cell mediated disease (type IV) Note: there is no autoimmune disease in which IgE is produced against a self protein |
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Type II : Cell Surface Receptor
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Type II : Cell Surface Receptor 2
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Type III Immune Complex
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Type II : Cell Surface Receptor
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TYPE IV: T Cell Mediated
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TYPE IV: T Cell Mediated
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Diabetes 1
TYPE IV: T Cell Mediated |
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Acquired Immune Deficiencies
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develop during an individual's life, due to
Infections HIV – AIDS Destruction of T4 lymphocytes (T helpers) no Th2, no AMI and no CMI Drugs Immunosuppressive therapy (transplant) - drugs inhibit recipients immune responses Chemotherapy (cancers) - drugs inhibit rapidly growing cells which include B and T lymphocytes Cancers B and T cell cancers - cancerous B and T cells do not respond properly |
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AIDS Definition
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Basis : HIV+/ CD4 T Cell Count / Clinical Catagory
CD4 ≥ 500 clinical category C CD4 200 - 499 clinical category B or C CD4 ≤ 200 clinical category A, B, or C Past AIDS definition: HIV+, CD4 count <200, clinical AIDS |
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AIDS: Category A
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Asymptomatic or persistent lymphadenopathy
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AIDS: Category B
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Persistent Candida albicans infections
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AIDS: Category C
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Clinical AIDS. CMV, TB, Pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis,
Kaposi's sarcoma (and other opportunistic infections) |
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HIV Diagnostic Methods
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Seroconversion takes up to 3 months
HIV antibodies detected by ELISA HIV antigens detected by Western blotting Plasma viral load is determined by PCR or nucleic acid hybridization |
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HIV Transmission
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Other HIV Transmission
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Chemotherapy
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Diseases associated with AIDS
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1983
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Discovery of virus (HIV) causing loss of immune function.
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Autograft
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Use of one's own tissue
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Isograft:
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Use of identical twin's tissue
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Allograft:
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Use of tissue from another person
The fetus is an allograft that is protected from rejection |
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Xenotransplantation
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Use of non-human tissue
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anti inflammatory
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prednisone
Immunosuppression |
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antimitotic —
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— azathioprene (inhibits DNA replication)
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Inhibit antigen activation of T and B cells
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Immunosuppression
cyclosporine A and acrolimus (sirolimus) suppresses IL-2 no intestinal damage |
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Graft verses Host Disease
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