Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide Part 3

Front 1

Sterilization

Back 1

The eradication of all organisms, including bavterial endospores and viruses, although not prions, in or on an object.

Front 2

Disinfectant

Back 2

Physical or chemical agent used to inhibit or destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects.

Front 3

Bactericidal

Back 3

The ablity to kill bacteria.

Front 4

MIC

Back 4

The smallest amount of the drug that will inhibit growth and reproduction of the pathogen. Can be measured via a both dilution test, Etest, or diffusion susceptibility test.

Front 5

Opportunistic Pathogen

Back 5

Microorganisms that cause disease when the immune system is suppressed, when microbial antagonism is reduced, or when introduced into an abnormal area of the body.

Front 6

Disease

Back 6

Any adverse internal condition severe enough to interfere with normal body functioning.

Front 7

Transient flora/ Microbiota

Back 7

Type of normal microbiota that remains in the body for only a few hours, days or monts before disappearing. Cannot persist because of competition from other microorganisms, elimination by the body's defense cells, or chemical and physical changes in the body that dislodge them.

Front 8

Prevalence

Back 8

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area or population during a given period of time.

Front 9

Fecal infection

Back 9

Spread of pathogenic microorganisms in feces to the mouth, such as results from drinking sewage-contaminated water.

Front 10

Sign

Back 10

Objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed or measured by others.

Front 11

Epidemeology

Back 11

Study of the occurence, distribution, and spread of disease in humans.

Front 12

Epidemic

Back 12

A disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population.

Front 13

Indirect transmission

Back 13

Process by whichc auxotrophic mutans are isolated and cultured.

Front 14

Fomite

Back 14

Object inadvertently used to transfer pathogens to new hosts e.g. glass, towel

Front 15

Zoonosis

Back 15

Disease that is naturally spread form usual animal host to humans.

Front 16

Etiologic agent

Back 16

Agent that causes disease

Front 17

Sterile

Back 17

Free of microbial contamination

Front 18

Sepsis

Back 18

The condition of pathogens being present in the blood and causing signs of illness.

Front 19

Bacteriostatic

Back 19

Bacterial growth is stopped but not killed.

Front 20

Synergism

Back 20

Interplay between drugs that results in efficacy that exceeds the efficacy of either drug alone.

Front 21

Superinfection

Back 21

Condition in which a patient infected with hepatitis B virus is subsequently infected with hepatitis D virus.

Front 22

Virulence

Back 22

A meausre of pathogenicity.

Front 23

Incidence

Back 23

The number of new cases of a disease in a given area or population during a given period of time.

Front 24

Systemic infection

Back 24

Diseases caused by microbes via the blood and lymph that affect other body systems.

Front 25

Chronic infection

Back 25

Any disease that deevelops slowly, usually with less severe symptoms, and is continual or recurrent.

Front 26

Symptom

Back 26

Subjective characteristic of a disease that can be felt by the patient alone.

Front 27

Sporadic

Back 27

A disease that occurrs in only a few scattered cases within a given area or population during a given period of time.

Front 28

Pandemic

Back 28

The occurence of an epidemic on more than one continent simultaneously.

Front 29

Aerosol

Back 29

A cloud of water droplets, which travels more than 1 meter in airborne transmission and less than 1 meter in droplet transmission.

Front 30

Passive or mechanical vector

Back 30

Housefly, cockraoch, or other animal that passively carries pathogens to new hosts on its feet or other body parts and is not infected by the pathogens it carries.

Front 31

Communicable disease

Back 31

Any infectious disease that comes either directly or indirectly from another host.

Front 32

Host

Back 32

Member of a parasitic relationship that supports the parasite.

Front 33

Reservoir

Back 33

Living or nonliving continuous source of infectious disease.

Front 34

Disinfection

Back 34

The use of physical or chemical agents to inhibit or destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects. In water treatment, ozone, UV light, or chlorination kill most microorganisms.

Front 35

Antiseptic

Back 35

Chemical used to inhibit or kill microorganisms on skin or tissue.

Front 36

Pasteurization

Back 36

The use of heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of spoilage microorganisms in food and beverages.

Front 37

Pathogen

Back 37

A microorganism capable of causing disease.

Front 38

Infection

Back 38

Successful invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganism

Front 39

Normal/indigenous flora

Back 39

Microorganisms that colonize the surfaces of the human body without normally causing disease. They may be resident or transient.

Front 40

Toxemia

Back 40

Presence in the blood of poisons called toxins.

Front 41

Acute infection

Back 41

Any disease that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time, whether it resolves in convalescence or death.

Front 42

Nosocomial infection

Back 42

A disease acquired in a health care facility.

Front 43

Endemic

Back 43

A disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency within a given area or population.

Front 44

Droplet

Back 44

Spread of pathogens from one host to another via aerosols, which exit the body during exhaling, coughing, and sneezing and travel less than 1 meter.

Front 45

Biological vector

Back 45

Biting arthropod or other animal that transmits pathogens and serves as host for the multiplication of the pathogen during some stage of the pathogen's life cycle.

Front 46

Non-communicable disease

Back 46

An infectious disease that arises from outside of hosts or from normal microbiota.

Front 47

Contagious

Back 47

A communicable disease that is easily transmitted from a reservoir or patient.

Front 48

Host

Back 48

Member of a parasitic relationship that supports the parasite.