Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide 1

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Microbiology

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The branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, uses, and modes of existence of microscopic organisms.

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Endospore

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Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell of the Gram-positive general Bacillus or Clostridium

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Lipid A

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The lipid component of lipopolysaccharide, which is released from dead Gram-negative bacterial cells and can trigger shock and other symptoms in human hosts.

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Pili

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Tubules involved in bacterial conjugation.

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Archaea

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Domain which includes all prokaryotic cells having archael rRNA sequences

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Culture (lab)

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Act of cultivating microorganisms or the microorganisms that are cultivated.

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Differential stain (lab)

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In microscopy, a stain using more than one dye so that different structures can be distinguished. The Gram stain is the most commonly used.

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Compound Microscope

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Microscope using a series of lenses for magnification.

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Glycocalyx

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Sticky external sheath of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Periplasmic Space

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In Gram-negative cells, the space between the cell membrane and the outer membrane containing peptidoglycan and periplasm.

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Axial Filaments

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Structure composed of rotating endoflagella that allows a spirochete to "corkscrew" through its medium.

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Peptidoglycan

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Large, interconnected polysaccharide composed of chains of two alternating sugars and crossbridges of amino acids. Main component of bacterial cell walls.

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Lipopolysaccharide

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Molecule composed of lipid A and pollysaccharide found in the external membrane of Gram-negative cell walls.

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Fimbrae

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Sticky proteinaceous extensions of some bacterial cells that function to adhere cells to one another and to environmental surfaces.

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Magnification (lab)

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The apparent increase in size of an object viewed via microscopy.

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Simple Stain (lab)

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In microscopy, a stain composed of a single dye such as crystal violet.