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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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if sig 1 only
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apoptosis
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if sig 2 only |
does nothing
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T cells |
helper T cell cytotoxic T cell Suppressor T cell Delayed Hypersensitivity |
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suppressor t cell
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helps end immune response
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delayed hypersensitivity
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TB skin test
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B cells
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antibodies have a PLAN P-precipation of proteins L-lysis A-agglutation of cells N-neutralization leads to oponsization |
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Antibody Classes IgG |
monomer 80% total memory antibodies |
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IgA |
dimer 13% total secretory-in saliva mucous membranes |
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IgM
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pentamer. 6% total. primary/initial response antibody |
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IgD |
monomer 1% total B cell receptors |
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IgE |
monomer .002% total helps mediate inflammation |
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E.coli growth and replication
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attach to columnar cells with attachment pili permanent protein docking, secretes shiga toxin |
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e.coli symptoms
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1.incubate 3-4 days 2.disease abdominal pain , vomiting for 15 days 1-5% in children and elderly |
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death signal 1 |
antigen recognition
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death signal 2
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costimulation with cytokinesis
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immune system
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avoids change in health
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antigen (independent)
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"nametags" nonspecific 1st and 2nd line of defenses |
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1st line of defense
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physical barriers ---skin, hair, mucous, ear wax |
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2nd line of defense
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cells-phagocytes, NK, basophils processes-inflammation, fever proteins- interferon |
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phagocytes
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activated by signal zero
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basophils
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mediate inflammation full of histamine |
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antigen dependent defenses
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3rd line of defense B and T cells- make receptors by alternate RNA splicing |
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alternate RNA splicing
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unlimited random supply of receptors
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diseases
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biological weapons
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category A diseases
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easy to transmit person to person high death rate cause public chaos |
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HUS-hemolytic uremic syndrome |
broken RBC's and platelets will clog glomerular capillary 10% mortality fluid-ion imbalances |
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e.coli treatment
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none for e.coli therapy |
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prevention for e.coli
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handwashing proper sanitization water purification |
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epidemiology for e.coli
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75,000 cases US per year
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category C diseases
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emerging diseases
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influenza disease agent |
influenza virus. enveloped RNA virus average everyday flu |
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transmission for influenza
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upper respiratory tract inhale contact membranes of nose, eye, or mouth; respiratory secretions, pig/bird feces |
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growth and replication of influenza
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1.attach 2. penetrate 3. uncoating 4. biosynthesis 5.assemble and mature 6.release by budding |
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symptoms of influenza
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incubate-no flu like period disease-acute fever, headache etc contagious for a day before disease period until day 8 |
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detection of influenza
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reverse transcriptase-RNA into DNA lots of copies of DNA (polymerase chain reaction) sequence and analyze |
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treatment of influenza
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neuraminidase inhibitors- Tamiflu must start within 48 hours of 1st symptoms |
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prevention of influenza
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vaccine exists
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epidemiology of influenza
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all the percentages FIND OUT
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how many cases of swine flu
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61 million cases and 12,470 deaths. |
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Disease agent for lymes disease
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borrelia burgdorferi-corkscrew shaped gram negative
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transmission of lyme disease
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biological vector blacklegged tick or deer tick must bite for 48 hours to transmit spirochete |
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growth and replicatin of lyme disease
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binary fission bore into tissues |
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symptoms of lymes disease
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1.3 week incubation 2.early localized lyme (just where organism bit) bullseye lesion-erythema mirgran 3.early disseminated (now spread thro body) lasts for months multiple target lesions 4.late lyme last for years large joint pain |
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detection for lymes disease
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bullseye lesion IgM IgG tissue samples |
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treatment for lyme disease
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early local-doxycycline except preg. for 21 days early disseminated-therapies to treat symptoms late-treating symptoms |
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epidemiology of lyme disease
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25,000 a year
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disease agents for aids |
human immunodefinicieny virus (HIV)
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transmission for aids
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bodily fluids-direct contact, indirect fomite
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growth and replication for aids
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attachment penetration uncoating biosynthesis assemble release by budding |
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symptoms for aids
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initial infection within 6 weeks-headache, fever, generalized rash latent period-months to years. asymptomatic |
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greater than 200 TH cells per mL blood means you have |
AIDS
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detection of aids
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seroconversion antigen tests |
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treatment of aids
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nonnuceloside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nucleoside RTI Integrase inhibitors protease inhibitors |
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epidemiology of aids
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40 million AIDS worldwide 1/3 of those people also have TB 75% hetero 7% homo |
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disease agent for TB
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mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis
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transmission of TB
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direct contact, indirect fomite, contact aerosol, vechicle food and air (last 2 are most common)
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growth and replication of TB
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inhalation into alveolus ingested by macrophage resisting phagocytosis macrophage dog pile caseous center form calcified tubercle tubercle ruptures bacteria into capillaries and move into new alveoli |
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symptoms of TB
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incubate for 1-3 weeks primary TB-asymptomatic for 3 months CANT DETECT THESE TWO secondary TB-cough, fever, chest pain detect with chest xray |
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immune response of TB
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is impaired
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treatment of TB
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none for primary TB for secondary TB, isoniazid for 6-9 months it prevents acid fast wall formation |
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disease agent of plague |
Yersinia pestis-gram negative coccobacillus
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transmission of bubonic plague |
a flea bite-biological vector direct contact with bodily fluids indirect by fomite |
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transmission for pneumonic plague |
contact aerosol
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growth and replication for bubonic plague |
y pestis to lymph nodes bacteria replicate in lymph node. bacteria clogs the lymphnodes and eventually ooze out BLACK DEATH |
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growth and replication of pneumonic plague |
y pestis in lungs, ingested by macrophage invades respiratory membrane and continues to move on and destroy alveoli in the lungs |
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symptoms of bubonic plague
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buboes form-dark ring around with a rosy red center. ruptures and oozes out black death 1.incubation period for 2-8 days 2.prodromal fever, chills etc 3. disease phase- formation and rupture of buboes 4. mortality- 50% untreated, 10% treated |
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symptoms of pneumonic plague
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less than 24 hour incubation period primary pneumonic-high fever etc yellow sputum secondary pneumonic-same symptoms except now bloody sputum takes very short time to kill |
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immune response for both plagues
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is impaired. phospholipase D prevents phagocytosis |
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treatment of both plagues
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tetracycline for 10 days. must treat within 24 hours of first buboes must treat within 18 hours of primary pneumonic |
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prevention for these plagues
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there is only a vaccination against bubonic plague
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epidemiology of these plagues |
10-15 bubonic cases per year in US 1,000-3,000 cases per year in world |
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disease agent for ebola hemorrhagic fever
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ebola virus
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transmission for ebola
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any body fluids direct contact indirect fomite-virus can survive for days on inanimate object bats are the host of ebola |
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ebola replicates in
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macrophage glands endothelial cells of all organs |
