Microbiology Exam 3

Front 1

Enterobacteriacae (Enteric Bacteria)

Back 1

Most carried as normal flora (*exceptions indicated); infections are endogenous or exogenous: Differentiated based on IMViC series of tests

Front 2

Escherichia coli & other intestinal GNB

Back 2

#1 nosocomial pathogen; lactose-fermenting coliform indicator
UTI, wounds, septicemia, traveler’s diarrhea from food/water
Strain O157:H7*: infected cows, manure, water/food= Shiga exotoxin; results in bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and possible kidney failure and death (especially children)
Other enterobacteria are carried normally but may cause opportunistic infections, such as Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, etc.

Front 3

Shigella

Back 3

only carried by humans; causes bacillary dysentery and intestinal scarring

-associated with foodborne illnesses; cause fever due to lipid A endotoxin
-can be carried post-infection for a year or more; shed in feces

Front 4

Salmonella

Back 4

reservoir is Poultry; can lead to typhoid fever

-associated with foodborne illnesses; cause fever due to lipid A endotoxin

-can be carried post-infection for a year or more; shed in feces

Front 5

Yersinia pestis

Back 5

causes bubonic plague “Black Death” in 1400’s; rat flea vector

Front 6

Yersinia enterocolitica

Back 6

pseudoappendicitis in children

Front 7

Pseudomonas aerugunosa

Back 7

Environmental gram-negative bacilli; often nocosomial; very resistant
Produces green pyocyanin pigment; UV fluorescence; obligate aerobe (Oxidase+)
Causes dermatitis in burn patients; cystic fibrosis pneumonia; swimmer’s ear

Front 8

Neisseria meningitides

Back 8

upper respiratory; can lead to bacterial meningitis

Front 9

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 9

“GC” (gonococcus); causes infant blindness; β-lactamase strains are resistant to penicillin; “superbug” due to emergence of strains that have increased resistance to antibiotics; increases suscept. to HIV

Front 10

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Back 10

ear infections; infant meningitis; Hib vaccine (capsule sugar conjugated to a protein); β-lactamase

Front 11

Legionella pneumophila

Back 11

Legionnaire’s disease; water/cooling systems

Front 12

Bordetella pertussis

Back 12

whooping cough; DTP vaccine

Front 13

Gardnerella vaginalis

Back 13

vaginosis; “clue cells

Front 14

Vibrio

Back 14

cholera dehydration and “ricewater” stools; toxin; saltwater seafood is reservoir

Front 15

Helicobacter pylori:

Back 15

causes ulcers; can survive low pH (urease)

Front 16

Campylobacter

Back 16

thermophilic stool pathogen; foodborne illness, especially in children

Front 17

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 17

Lyme disease; serological testing; Ixodes deer tick vector

Front 18

Treponema pallidum

Back 18

syphilus; including congenital syphilus; 4 stages

Front 19

Mycobacteria leprae

Back 19

leprosy; leads to Hansen’s disease; peripheral nerve pathology

Front 20

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Back 20

TB; M.avium-intracellularae complex (MAC)

Front 21

Chlamydia

Back 21

sexually transmitted; nongonococcal urethritis (NGU); trachoma

Front 22

Rickettsia

Back 22

Rocky Mountain spotted fever rash; vector is Dermacentor wood tick

Front 23

Mycoplasma

Back 23

lacks cell wall (peptidoglycan); primary atypical “walking” pneumonia

Front 24

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 24

psychrophile; causes stillbirth; unpast. dairy , processed meats

Front 25

Corynebacterium

Back 25

pleotrophic/palisades arrangement; most affect skin; pathogen is C.

Front 26

Diptheriae

Back 26

respiratory failure due to pseudomembrane formation; DTP vaccine

Front 27

Lactobacillus

Back 27

main urine culture contaminant; probiotic; L.acidophilus in yogurt

Front 28

Propionobacterium

Back 28

acnes skin anaerobe that causes acne; able to live off sebum and survive acidic pH; blood culture contaminant

Front 29

Streptomyces

Back 29

soil bacteria; nonpathogenic source for many antibiotics (i.e. Streptomycin)

Front 30

Clostridium

Back 30

anaerobic; terminal spores resemble tennis rackets

Front 31

Clostridium tetanii

Back 31

neurotoxin-tetanus; lockjaw; DTP vaccine (toxoid)

Front 32

Clostridium botulinum

Back 32

neurotoxin-foodborne; botulism; infant botulism; Botox

Front 33

Clostridium perfringens

Back 33

cytotoxin- gas gangrene in diabetics

Front 34

Clostridium difficile

Back 34

enterotoxin-antibiotic associated colitis; probiotic therapy

Front 35

Clostridium tetanii

Back 35

neurotoxin-tetanus; lockjaw; DTP vaccine (toxoid)

Front 36

Clostridium botulinum

Back 36

neurotoxin-foodborne; botulism; infant botulism; Botox

Front 37

Clostridium perfringens

Back 37

cytotoxin- gas gangrene in diabetics

Front 38

Clostridium difficile

Back 38

enterotoxin-antibiotic associated colitis; probiotic therapy

Front 39

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 39

.

Front 40

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Back 40

.

Front 41

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Back 41

.

Front 42

Streptococcus

Back 42

Nonmotile; chain arrangements; facultative; Catalase-Neg; use peroxidase enzyme to inactivate toxic oxygen radicals

Front 43

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 43

(Group A)-impetigo, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, necrotizing faciitis, bacitracin sensitivity; up to 80 types of surface protein M; capsule contains Hyaluronic acid; exotoxins can act as superantigens to stimulate the release of TNF and ultimately produce vascular injuries

-β-Hemolytic:

Front 44

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 44

(Group B)-endogenous to human vagina, pharynx and large intestine; GBS (Group B strep) in pregnancy associated with neonatal meningitis; screened for in pregnant women in 3rd trimester

-β-Hemolytic:

Front 45

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 45

cause of 60-70% bacterial pneumonias; endogenous to nasopharynx in 5-50% pop.; meningitis; middle ear infections in children <2 yrs. old; Prevnar Vaccine

-α-Hemolytic

Front 46

Streptococcus mutans

Back 46

dental plaque; subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) assoc. with heart valve defects

-α-Hemolytic

Front 47

Streptococcus enterococcus

Back 47

(Group D)-enteric; nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, esp. VRE; affect UT, wounds, blood, endocardium and appendix.

-γ-Hemolytic