Microbiology Chapter 1

Front 1

What is a microorganism?

Back 1

Any living thing that is small tobe seen with the unaided eye.

Front 2

What is the basic unit of life?

Back 2

Cell

Front 3

What do all living things exhibit?

Back 3

1)growth 2)reproduction3)responsiveness
4)metabolism 5)evolve

Front 4

What is needed for something to be considered to bealive?

Back 4

Everything considered alive musthave at least one cell.

Front 5

What are the two types of cells?

Back 5

1) Prokaryotic cells 2)eukaryotic cells

Front 6

Prokaryoticcells have what ?

Back 6

1) have no nucleus 2) include bacteria& archaea

Front 7

Eukaryotic cells have what?

Back 7

1) has a nucleus 2) everything else

Front 8

Whatare the 3 domains?

Back 8

1) bacteria 2)archaea 3)eukarya

Front 9

What does the domain eukarya include?

Back 9

It includes fungi,plants, animals, and invertebrates

Front 10

Domain bacteria/ domain archaea?

Back 10

All the species in these 2domains are single celled and prokaryotic

Front 11

The prokaryotes: domain bacteria & archaea general characteristics-

Back 11

1)unicellular 2)lack nuclei(prokaryotic) 3)much smaller thancells with a nucleus 4)found virtually everywhere; some even in extremeenvironment 5)reproduce asexually

Front 12

Domain eukarya; fungi general characteristics-

Back 12

1) Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

2) Obtain food from other organisms

3) Possess cell walls

4)Single cellular & multicellular Sexualand asexual reproduction

Front 13

Domain eukarya; algae (plant like protest) generalcharacteristics-

Back 13

1)Eukaryotic

2) Unicellular and multicellular

3)Have a cell wall

4)Photosynthetic

5)Categorized on the basis of pigmentation and compositionof cell wall(not all are considered plants)

Front 14

Domain eukarya; parasites generalcharacteristics-

Back 14

1)Many are multicellular, but larval forms aresmall

Front 15

NO DOMAIN; Virus

Back 15

1)Were too small to be seen by earlymicrobiologists

2)Acellular only made of nucleic acid and proteinNot considered living

Front 16

Until when was the existence of microbes unknown?

Back 16

Late 1600s

Front 17

Antoni leeuwenhoek

Back 17

1)He discovered the 1st microbes

2)His findings started the “early years” ofmicrobiology

3)His discovery and identification of microbes ledto the golden age of microbiology (1857-1907)

Front 18

What are the 4 main questions scientist asked themselves?

Back 18

1)Is spontaneous generation of microbial lifepossible?

2)Whatcauses fermentation?

3)What causes disease?

4)How can we prevent infection and disease?

Front 19

What is spontaneous generation?

Back 19

Life comes from non-life.

Front 20

What did Aristotle perpetuate?

Back 20

The idea of abiogenesis, thatlife can come from non-life, which was accepted for over 2000 years

Front 21

Francesco Redi;

Back 21

he proposed the 1st experiment tosuggest that the spontaneous generation of large organisms is NOT TRUE (late1600s) he performed the meat in flask experiment

Front 22

Louis Pasteur;

Back 22

he performed a series of importantexperiments that put spontaneous generation to rest. He performed the s shapedflasks experiment that helped to disprove spontaneous generation.

Front 23

What is the scientific method?

Back 23

1)Make an observation

2)Generate hypothesis

3)Hypothesis is then tested through experimentation

4)Results support or don’t support the hypothesis

Front 24

What are the factors to set up a good experiment?

Back 24

Hypothesis

variable

controls.

Front 25

What is pasteurization?

Back 25

The process of heating liquids justenough to kill most bacteria, but not destroy the physical properties of theproduct.

Front 26

Whodeveloped the germ theory of disease?

Back 26

Louis Pasteur

Front 27

What is the germ theory?

Back 27

Microorganisms can be responsiblefor disease.

Front 28

Robert Koch;

Back 28

championed the etiology, was the 1stto show that a microbe van cause disease by studying anthrax

Front 29

Kochs postulates

Back 29

1)Suspected causative agents must be found inevery case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts.

2)Agent must be isolated and grown outside thehost

3)When agent is introduced into a healthysusceptible host the host must get the disease

4)Same agent must be found in the diseasedexperimental host

Front 30

What additional things came out of kochs lab?

Back 30

1)Flagella stain

2)Use of sterilized inoculation loop to transferbacteria

3)Use of petri dishes to hold solid media to growmicrobes

Front 31

What concept came out of Kochs work?

Back 31

Pure culture andisolation of bacteria

Front 32

Hans gram;

Back 32

who worked with Koch developed one of the mostimportant microbial stain=gram stain

Gram positive= purple stain

Gram negative= pink stain

Front 33

Joseph lister;

Back 33

1st septic technique in medicine;cleaned wounds with phenol.

Front 34

Florance Nightingale;

Back 34

introduced aseptic techniques tonursing; founded nursing school

Front 35

Edward jenner;

Back 35

Made 1st vaccine for small poxusing cowpox virus