Microbiology (Tortora), Chapter 1

Front 1

Definition of "microbiology"

Back 1

The study of organisms too small to see with the naked eye.

Front 2

Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic by accident. What did he name this antibiotic?

Back 2

"Penicillin"
(The active inhibitor of Penicillium chrysogenum)

Front 3

Describe how Louis Pasteur disproved "spontaneous generation" in microbes.

Back 3

He poured beef broth into a long-necked flask, then heated the neck and bent it into as S-shaped curve. He boiled the broth for several minutes. Microorganisms did not appear in the cooled solution, even after long periods of time.

Front 4

History of Microbiology : Robert Hooke (1665)

Back 4

Observes that organisms are composed of cells.

Coins term "cell" after viewing cork tissue.

Front 5

History of Microbiology : Anton van Leeuwenhook (1673-1723)

Back 5

Saw microbes w/ microscope.

Front 6

History of Microbiology : Matthias Scheiden Theodor Schwann (1839)

Back 6

Theorize that cells are fundamental units of life.

Scheiden -botanist

Schwann- animal physiologist

Front 7

History of Microbiology : Francisco Redi (1668)

Back 7

Meat in mesh does not produce maggots.

Disproved Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Front 8

History of Microbiology : Edward Jenner (1796)

Back 8

Vaccination. Immunity to small pox could come from exposure to cow pox.

Front 9

History of Microbiology : Robert Koch (1876)

Back 9

Koch's postulates: specific microbes cause specific diseases.

Front 10

History of Microbiology : Alexander Fleming (1928)

Back 10

Discovers penicillin, antibiotics.

Front 11

History of Microbiology : Watson & Crick (1953)

Back 11

Solved structure of DNA.

Front 12

History of Microbiology: John Needham

Back 12

Supported the idea of spontaneous generation of bacteria. Killed bacteria by boiling and then came back few days later. Didn't know that endospores were the cause.

Front 13

History of Microbiology: Louis Pasteur

Back 13

Father of Microbiology

Developed process of pasteurization

Developed first Rabies vaccine

Front 14

History of Microbiology: Joseph Lister

Back 14

first to use "carbolic acid" or phenol as antiseptic. Greatly reduced number of post-op infections

Front 15

History of Microbiology: Paul Erhlich

Back 15

Searched for "Magic bullet" to kill syphilis. Found Arsenic derivative called Salvarsan to kill the bacteria without killing the patient

Front 16

History of Microbiology: Rebecca Lancefield

Back 16

Classified Streptococcus

According to serotypes based on their cell wall composition

Front 17

History of Microbiology: Dimitri Iwannoski

Back 17

Discovered the Tobacco Mosaic Virus